The Act on the Partial Revision of National Referendum Act was enacted at the 186th ordinary session of the Diet, and was enforced on June 20, 2014. By this revision, the minimum age of voting in the referendum regarding constitutional amendment is prescribed at twenty for next four years, and the age will be at eighteen four years later. But the minimum age of voting in public elections, the age of majority in the Civil Code, and the age of application for Juvenile Act are remained at twenty, lowering promptly these ages to eighteen is recognized as an important problem at the point of view of legal uniformity. At the final stage of the 187th extraordinary session of the Diet, the Bill for the Act on the Partial Revision of the Public Offices Election Act (to lower the minimum age of voting) was submitted, but was scrapped due to dissolution of the House of Representatives. Additionally, the problems as to the regulation to organizational campaign by the public officials, expansion of the referendum subjects, methodology of political education and the others are also emerging in relation to NRA system. These remaining problems should be solved legislatively on the wide consensus of political parties, according to the initiative requirement of Article 96 of the Japanese Constitution. It is considered definitely that to solve legislative problems as to NRA on the wide consensus is politically important requirement to lead to the success to the initiative for the amendment to Japanese Constitution by the Diet in future.

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  One of the important elements for stable promotion of sports activities is risk management for accidents, which are inherent to all sports activities. In this connection, there is a current trend for civil liability for accidents sustained during sport activities being undertaken by not only sports organizations, but also public institutions such as governments.
  In this study, we analyzed French precedents of disputed civil liability by sports organizations following accidents during sports activities, which have highlighted sports legislation in France. Our findings indicated that sports organizations in France which are responsible for organizing, directing and controlling the activities of their members, should be liable to civil action in cases when accidents have been caused by one or more members through committing a fault by a breach of the games' rules, even if the individuals concerned are unidentified. Our study has also shown that the code of sport, which is the fundamental sports laws in France, has articles that obligate sports organizations to pay for civil liability insurance policies. Furthermore, we observed a similarity between recent trends in France and Japan, where more attention is being drawn to devising more concrete preventive measures against sport accidents.
  These findings suggest that in the context of sports organizations managing the risks of sport accidents, it is necessary to utilize insurance systems to the maximum in order to collateralize obligation to pay reparations. Sports organizations need to prevent accidents, which arise through rule violations, by enforcing strict adherence to games' rules by participants. Moreover, considering that sports activities perform a public function, building a social relief system that would protect the victims of sports accidents will be an important element for promotion of sport in the future.

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