I. This investigation has been performed to study the method of special education in prison for young delinquents, and, at the same time, theoretically, to clear the intellectual tendency of them.
II. Of the academic knowledges, the achievement in reading and paraphrasing of native language is as high as that of children 5th grade of common school, and in dictation they can take down as well as those in the 4th grade, but the achievement in arithmetical calculation is lower than. that of those in the 4th grade and reasoning 3rd grade. This achievement of the reading and paraphrasing are higher than in their academic experience, but that of arithmetic, especially arithmetical reasoning, is far lower than in their academic learning. This means that reading and paraphrasing have necessary qualities for them in their social life, on the contrary arithemtical knowledges are not so necessary as reading. And these achievments show, too, that the intelligence of those delinquents is not so high as to learn higher arithmetical reasoning and complex calculation.
III. Other many sides of knowledges of young delinquent are examined; they have higher knowledge of drama, motion picture, economics, agriculture, and engineering viz. practical knowledge, but they have very poor knowledge of natural science, athletics, literature, jurisprudence viz, academic knowledge.
IV. Therefore, the Gestalt of their knowledge is practical, and not academic. Their system of knowledge is different from that of normal children. The intelligence test has been systematized by normal children, and is not suitable to test young delinquent, for the Gestalt of their knowledge differs. It was said, hitherto, that the intelligence of young delinquents is very low, and that the feeble mindedness in young delinquents is 65% e. t. c., but this is standing erroneous point, for the system of knowledge of delinquents is different from that of normal children.

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【要旨】

　大正から昭和初期にかけての子供による映画の齣フィルム蒐集とその文化について、従来見過ごされてきたメディア機器とその多様性を実証的に再考する「メディア考古学」の視座から考察する。齣フィルムとは、明治末から昭和初期にかけて映画館や玩具店等、様々な場所で販売されたワンフレームサイズの映画フィルム（18×35mm）のことで、大正期には子供による映画の齣フィルム蒐集が大流行を迎える。その事象についてはしばしば先行研究で言及されているものの、その実情については今までほとんど明らかにされてこなかった。そのため本稿では、当時の子供の齣フィルムコレクションや齣フィルム用の実体鏡や幻燈機等の実物史料を参照しつつ、明治末から昭和初期にかけて販売された齣フィルムについて、販売業者と購入者（蒐集者）双方の視点、あるいはその相互関係から詳細に検証し、当時の日本の映画の二次産業の一端を明らかにする。

　戦前日本の映画の大半は、このように劇場公開後に切り売りされたために散逸したが、断片化した無数の齣フィルムの集積は、戦前日本のメディア文化の多様性と裾野の広さを示している。二次利用されたフィルムは、映画や幻燈のメインストリームの映像史にはあらわれない、子供の玩具世界で多彩に混淆した存在を生み出し、派生的に拡散していく。まさにこの流れは、現在加速しているデジタル一元化の流れとは対照的なのである。

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This article aims at investigating the significance of the draft provisions on piracy, commonly known as “Matsuda Draft,” submitted by Michikazu Matsuda, a Japanese lawyer-diplomat, to the League of Nations Committee of Experts in 1927, by examining the historic and legal background of the draft and Matsuda’s views on international law.

The Committee of Experts was established by the League in 1924 and consisted of international lawyers from various countries to select topics of international law to be codified. Matsuda Draft, together with the so-called Harvard Draft, is widely known among current scholars as an important precedent of the formulation of the concept of piracy in international law. However, it is still unclear how the draft was drawn up and what kind of historical significance it has for the relationship between Japan and international law in the interwar period. This study compares the original text, which was initially submitted by Matsuda to the Committee, with the final draft, and then clarifies the background to the drafting of this document and its historical significance.

Matsuda Draft was the first official attempt to formulate a definition of piracy. What is more important from the perspective of the history of Japan’s relationship with international law is that a Japanese international lawyer prepared a report on piracy, consolidated the various opinions expressed on it by the experts in the Committee, and reflected them into a draft treaty. This fact provides a basis to reconsider the conventional view that prewar Japan was reluctant or negative about the development of international law.

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