The purpose of this study is to clarify the origin of social education in Korea.

  As I clarify the concept and characteristics of social education through an examination of the journals of various Hakhoe (Academic Associations) in the late Korean Empire (1905-1910), I will refute the common view that social education was introduced by Japan during the Japanese colonization (1910-1945). The Hakhoe journals from the late Korean intellectuals and was regarded with great importance for the purpose of mass-education and spiritual education for national salvation. Though, at the time the social education was influenced by the Japanese, because Japan was already interfering in Korean Empire politics, the fact, that “Social Education” was actively used by nongovernmental organizations in comparison with the use of “Tsuzoku-kyoiku (popular education)” by the Government, shows that Korean social education was recognized and accepted by Korean intellectuals in the late Korean Empire.

　Park Tae-won was an important member of Kuinhoi, which was a Korean modernist literary group of the 1930s. In addition to free-indirect speech, he applied cinematic techniques such as “overlap" and “montage" in his masterpiece, “One day of Mr. Gubo as a novelist". James Joyce's Ulysses was eagerly read by the members of the above-mentioned group. And although Park himself did not fully recognize it in his essay, “Expression, description, technique", in Ulysses there are many passages where those techniques are adopted. The style of Park's work offers a strong resemblance to that of several episodes of Ulysses, especially ‘Calypso', ‘Lotus-Eaters', ‘Aeolus', ‘Scylla and Charybdis' and ‘Wandering Rocks' . In view of these facts, it is highly probable that he was under the influence of Joyce's novel while writing “One day of Mr. Gubo as a novelist".

　The fact that Park Tae-won paid chief attention to cinematic techniques of Ulysses is noteworthy, because his Korean coteries and Japanese contemporary writers regarded it as a psychological novel. “One day of Mr. Gubo as a novelist" of Park is no mean achievement in the history of Korean modernist literature.