An atherinid fish, Hypoatherina temminckii, is reported from Japan for the first time, on the basis of 27 specimens collected from Iriomote-jima Island, Okinawa-jima Island and adjacent waters, and Amami-oshima Island. A description of the specimens is given and a new Japanese name, “Minami-gin’isoiwashi”, proposed for the species. The genus Hypoatherina is distinguished from other marine Indo-Pacific atherinid genera by having the anterior edge of the preopercle notched just above the angle, the premaxilla with a long and slender anterior process and a deep narrow lateral process, and the dentary with a prominent posterior ramus. Hypoatherina temminckii is distinguishable from its congeners, including the most similar species H. tsurugae, by the following combination of characters: body cylindrical, anus located posterior to pelvic-fin tip, axillary scale elongated posteriorly, first dorsal fin with 5－9 spines, vertebrae 41－44, midlateral scales 39－42, and narrow interorbital width (29－39% of head length).

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