Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn 'Ali ibn al-Husayn ibn Babawayh al-Qummi (d. 381/991), known as al-Shaykh al-Saduq, is one of the foremost doctors and traditionists among the Twelver Shi'is in the 10th century. He composed a book named the
Kamal al-din wa-tamarn al-ni'mah for the vindication of the
ghaybah (occultation) of the twelfth Imam. In this book, he claimed that the prophets before Muhammad had set precedents for the
ghaybah and they had already undergone the same kind of situation as the twelfth Imam. By showing what had happened to each prophet in terms of the
ghaybah through
hadiths, he expanded the concept of
ghaybah from what was limited to the twelfth Imam to what was applicable to all
Hujaj Allah (pl. of
Hujjat Allah, God's proof,
i. e. prophets and Imams). This is a unique and new vindicative procedure for the
ghaybah. In this paper, the author analyses this new
ghaybah supporting theory by dividing al-Shaykh al-Saduq's argument into three steps: (1) presentation of some
hadiths which imply the possibility of the prophets' entering
ghaybah conditions; (2) some illustrations of the prophets'
ghaybah; (3) justification of the twelfth Imam's
ghaybah by the authoritative precedents of the prophets.
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