This essay aims to examine the relationship between erroneous judgments and the function of sensibility observed in the medical discourse of the late eighteenth century, and to see how it affected Jane Austen's ideas about "pride" and "self-complacency" in her Pride and Prejudice (1813). The novel can be read as a moralistic tale about a young woman who, in gaining new experience in the world, comes to see the virtue and vice of other characters, but it can also be interpreted as a philosophical inquiry into the human mind. Elizabeth Bennet, the heroine, is endowed with a keen perception and acute sensibility which allow her to detect the slightest feelings and intent of others, but the novel also exposes the vulnerability of a feeling woman. Her emotional reaction (such as anger) to events that take place around her frequently blinds her to the truth, and consequently gives rise to erroneous judgments. According to Coleridge, "a man whose moral feelings, reason, understanding, and sense are perfectly sane and vigorous, may yet have been mad." Perhaps sharing the same concern about the unstable and unpredictable nature of the mind, Austen explores the possibility of a "perfectly sane" person having delusions or errors of "fancy" in an ordinary setting. Mrs Bennet's ridiculous remarks about other characters best exemplify this theory. Thomas Arnold's theory of notional insanity and his concept of "fancy" in Observations on the Nature, Kinds, Causes, and Prevention of Insanity, Lunacy, or Madness (1782) is relevant in understanding Mrs Bennet's self-complacency and Jane Bennet's "error of fancy." While Arnold's theory about insanity is based on the Lockean theories of "idea" and "notion" which are more conceptual than corporeal, Alexander Crichton's theory of mind introduced in his An Inquiry into the Nature and Origin of Mental Derangement (1798) has a more corporeal basis which is also shared by the contemporary medical men such as Lavatar, Gall and Spurzheim. The new development of brain science and nerve theory suggested an embodied approach to human subjectivity. It is clear from Austen's frequent mention of "nerves" and "feelings" that she was under the influence of these medical discourses. In these medical texts, bodily sensibility increasingly takes over the functions of reason such as making judgment about the situations s/he encounters or perceiving truths.

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近年、脳神経科学における高次脳機能画像の研究や脳-機械インターフェイス(BMI,BCI)などが普及することにより、極端に言えば「誰でも脳を研究できる」ようになった。その結果、非医療系研究者のおこなう実験において、脳に器質的な疾患が偶発的に発見される可能性が高まっている。医療行為に従事する資格を持たない研究者が直面するかもしれないそのような事態に備えて、非医療系基礎研究に関する倫理体制の整備が必要である。また、脳の情報はゲノム情報やその他の生理学的情報に比べると、一個人の精神活動に直接関係する度合いが高いという特徴をもつ。すなわち、社会においては脳といえば意識や自我、人格などと密接な関係にあるものとして位置づけられている。しかしこれらのトピックについて、そのような社会からのニーズに明解に応えるほどには科学的な解明は進んでいない。このような科学と社会の「はざま」に付け込むようにして、科学的に不正確な一般向け通俗脳科学書が氾濫している。マスメディアと科学の関係も含め、科学と社会の接点領域をデザインする展望が必要である。また、これらの諸課題に適切に対応するためには、省庁や学会の縦割り構造を超えて横断的に対応できる組織と指針の整備が必要である。

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