目的：分譲マンションは1950年代より建設が始まり、2004年までのマンションストックは約456万戸を超えている。このうち、築20年を超えるものは約1/4、築10年を超えるものは約半数である。また「」が施行され、分譲マンションにおける管理組合や居住者は行政が提供する情報や支援制度を活用し、マンションを適切に維持・管理することが求められるようになっている。そこで本稿では分譲マンションにおける管理組合・居住者に対する行政の分譲マンションの維持管理に関する施策の実態を明らかにすると共に、築15年以上が経過した一つの分譲マンションの管理組合の取組みと居住者の住意識より、分譲マンションにおける管理組合に望まれる要件を考察することを目的とする。
方法：平成15年度住宅・土地統計調査速報より分譲マンション戸数を把握し、ホームページおよび訪問により分譲マンションの管理に関する施策を収集し、整理・分析を行った。また、管理組合の活動記録より管理組合の取組みを抽出し整理し、居住者を対象に住環境に関する意識についてのアンケート調査を実施した。
結果：川崎市における専用住宅は約53万戸であり、このうち3階建て以上の共同住宅は52.3％の27万戸、共同住宅のうち持家は約9万戸に上る。川崎市におけるマンション管理に対する施策は相談会・セミナー・耐震診断費用補助・リフォーム資金融資制度等である。実際の分譲マンション管理組合の取組みでは、特に駐車違反や住戸内のフローリングによる騒音が問題となっており、近年は新たにマナーや防犯に関する問題が発生している。居住者の住意識も、近隣からの騒音やゴミ置場の使い方等マナーに対する不満が多く挙げられた。

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Both of the Act on Advancement of Proper Condominium Management and the Act on Facilitation of Reconstruction of Condominiums were revised on June, 2020. While owners of condos should manage their own property, some condos without proper management have appeared to suffer adverse effect （or sometimes nuisance）to the surrounding areas and residents. This amendment enables the municipal government to advise them to improve their management, and to certify plans of management developed by the owners so that the way of maintenance would be referred in the condos market. Also, more than 80 percent of the owners of condos, which are identified by the municipal government as “highly necessary to demolish” for the reason of their cracked walls, would be able to determine to sell the condos and sites as a whole to developers in order to speed up decisionmaking among the owners whether to keep maintaining or to reconstruct, to sustain the living environment which constitutes public interest.

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In this research, the concept of the cleaning quality management method for government buildings that was developed in our previous study is applied to apartment blocks, to verify the possibility of application of this method.
It was identified that the residents of apartment blocks focus on “dust” and “stains” on commonly-used areas such as “floors” and “walls” respectively, when evaluating cleaning quality. Based on this result, we next established “Subjects for Evaluation” such as “floors” and “walls”, and “Evaluation Items” such as “darkening” and “stains”, and set an “Evaluation Level” for each of the “Evaluation Items”. In addition, in this research we conducted a survey on residents' evaluation of cleaning quality for the residents of 25 buildings, and discuss improvements of cleaning quality through the application of this method as well as verifying the possibility of the application of this method.

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Individual privacy is respected in condominiums, but this makes it difficult to notice when individuals may require external assistance. To clarify the conditions of persons with special needs in condominiums, we surveyed the management staff of condominiums. The survey was conducted online, and 2,578 people (82.4% response rate) completed it. The survey revealed that the management staff identifies persons with special needs and provides support such as daily monitoring. It also indicated that the older the condominium and the larger the number of units, the more likely it is to have a resident with special needs. The results suggest that disaster preparedness for persons in condominiums with special needs must become more important in the future.

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The purpose of this paper is to analyze what the owners of condominiums for sale and rent think about their business, how they actually conduct their business, what problems they have. A survey has been conducted by analyzing the results of the questionnaires to the owners of the condominiums. The following have been obtained from the survey: (1) The places where the owners of the condominiums live are scattered throughout Japan. (2) The amount of the assets of the condominiums has an influence on the way the owners think about their business. Many of the owners of the condominiums with assets of a small amount conduct their business steadily. On the other hand, some of the owners of the condominiums with assets of a medium or a large amount conduct their business steadily, while others conduct their business paying high expense. (3) Many of the condominiums are managed mainly by managing companies and not enough amount of money has been put aside for repairing the condominiums. (4) Many of the owners have a complaint about their business and about 90 percent of them are worried about their future business in some way or other.

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The study describes the effects about the apartment management for second-hand market prices.

1. The average of contract price shall be presumed by a control cost, a reserved fund and accounts receivable of control cost. The gap from the latest contract cost to the first one shall be presumed by a cleanup cost, a running cost of a management society, amount of decisions in conferences and accounts receivable of reserved fund.

2. Those constantly make a positive contribution for the second-hand apartment market prices. On the other hand, any kind of accounts receivables make a negative contribution.

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This paper is to find basic direction of improving condominium management though analyzing the current problems of the condominium. Some residents and owners hardly participate in the management system which the government expects, and some development, subdivision and distribution of the condominium disturb a proper management of the condominium. To tackle above problems, new management system of the condominium should be established with special emphasis on (1) ownership base or right of use base, (2) individual or group, (3) consensus system or manager system, and (4) public or community. Meanwhile, it is also necessary to implement the policies for (1) control of development, subdivision and distribution of the condominium for better management, (2) restriction of the right of private at certain extent and security of proper maintenance, (3) support of community life and homeowners'association, and (4) establishment of areaoriented supportive system of management of the condominium.

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The aims of this paper are to confirm the social background through the development of the French management system of private apartment houses, to examine the arrangement of its various components and the management tasks performed by each component, and to clarify the role played by the Gardian(ne)s in the overall system. The results are as follows: (1) Historically, the French metropolitan area has a complicated social environment, and this system involving Gardien(ne)s has evolved gradually in response to the need to adapt the prevalent conditions. (2) The implementation of rules, general meetings, and a manager—the“Syndic”—were provided as a legal framework to avoid trouble between Gardien(ne)s, tenants, and owners. (3) Decision making is performed by the owners, who are amateurs with regard to management, as well as the Syndic who serves as a specialist, and day-to-day business execution is delegated to a third party: the Syndic and his/her workers, one of whom is the Gardien(ne). As a result, the management load of the owners and residents is reduced. (4) The role of building maintenance for the owners, the Gardien(ne)s are also expected to help in the residents' self-supporting lifestyle.

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This study aims at examining a better supply, planning and management system of condominium. We clarified effects of initial regulation regarding right of ownership and management system on management of condominium through 28 case studies. We find critical problems caused by inappropriate initial regulation regarding right of ownership and management system, in particular, (1). developers and former landowners tend to keep exclusive right of common space, for example community room, management room, parking spaces and so on. (2). Developers and former landowners tend to keep exclusive right of certain area of site. (3). Original rules tend to be advantageous for developers and former landowners in the right of management system, management expenses, votes and so on. It suggests an important of opening information regarding the right of ownership and management system, and proper initial regulation regarding the right of ownership and management system from the initial stage of management of the condominiums.

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 Research Background and Purpose
 How to encourage the voluntary management activities of residents is an important issue in the management of public housing. Those who bear a responsibility of public housing management are, municipality as public housing operator, management subsisting agent and designated manager as who commissioned management by municipality, and residents as tenant of public house. Of these managements, although management by residents is significant in preservation of condominium discipline and in maintenance of living environment, placing the center on the field of life management, framework of self-management by residents is not indicated. Meanwhile, when seeing public house as reflection of housing policy, it commonly provides high percentage of shared space and high level of living environment compared to private rental housing. However on the other hand, this gives wide area for residents to manage as a group, and gives high burden on the management. Furthermore, in the recent situation that position of public house as housing safety net is strengthened, weakening of community and lack of leaders of management has been concern. Thus the need for measures to encourage the collective management activities of residents is rising increasingly.
 Therefore, the purpose of this research is to obtain knowledge on support method on self-management by residents, by grasping the problem recognition and implementation status of support program on it.

 Research Method
 Firstly, questionnaire survey was conducted to 358 municipalities in total, which are nationwide prefectures, designated cities, and prefectural city and municipality in the Kyushu, and earned 245 valid responses (valid recovery rate: 68.4%), in order to grasp the community problem and implementation status in public house. Secondly, additional telephone interview to 128 municipalities, which were conducting support program on self-management by residents according to the result of questionnaire survey, were done to get hold of the outline of the program. Also, by field survey on the municipalities that showed characteristic program, the system of public housing management, the background of the program and supporting method was understood. Upon analysis, municipalities that answered the questionnaire were classified into six groups in the two axes: elderly household rate and management number of public houses.

 Conclusion
 The problem in management by residents due to reduction of order as collective living and weakening of community is increasing mainly in the municipalities holding large management number. The municipalities that have achievement record of the counter measure stay in about 10% of the total, with the exception of the individual response by the installation of issuance and consultation of enlightenment document. However, it is able to see the example of program trying to achieve bottom-up management techniques of residents through the holding of public meetings and workshops in municipalities in the mid-range. Upon the support of welfare activities, the specific measures limited to public house were partial to the support for elderly and people with disabilities, and childcare support is almost not seen. Although the number of community support program put forward is still very few, there are one-stop type specific support program to public housing implemented in Nagoya city and Omuta city. In these programs, the municipalities take support by providing a forum for consultation with residents to discuss measures and issues of management. Moreover, these support is contributing not only on the life management but also on operational management and on maintenance, such as promoting the use and forming operational group of shared facilities and maintenance of green space.

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