This paper seeks to explore, compare and contrast the expectations around World Heritage status held by UNESCO, by national, regional and local governments, and local communities, with a particular focus on the tourism sector. It seeks to identify shared expectations, highlight divergences and identify contradicting expectations, and to understand the drivers of these. It focuses on a specific location -Tana Toraja- and the Torajan ethnic group in Sulawesi Island in Indonesia, to demonstrate whether UNESCO shares the same view of World Heritage concepts and desired outcomes as local Indonesian national/provincial governments and local residents.

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This short note deals with some recent features of the migration of South Sulawesi people, including the Buginese, who are well known for their seafaring throughout Southeast Asian history. The major topics covered are as follows.
(1) Indonesia has high percentages of out-migrants from South Sulawesi, West Sumatra, and Central Jawa. Among others, the migrants from South Sulawesi show a remarkably high sex-ratio.
(2) The sex-ratio of the population of South Sulawesi is examined by kecamatan. A decreasing sex-ratio is observed in the heart of Buginese region, while in Toraja land, the sex-ratio is little affected by out-migration.
(3) The aspects of population growth in Kecamatan Bua Ponrang, a frontier area of Kabupaten Luwu, are described for each desa or village. The major items covered are: the starting period of development, changing food patterns from sago to rice, and details of population increase and in-migration.
(4) The features of Buginese migration since 1964 to downstream areas of the Musi River in South Sumatra are shown. The married men, some of their wives, and unmarried men formed the early-stage population. They were later joined by their dependents.
(5) Finally, some topics not covered by the present study are pointed out for future research. These include assessment of the social and economic changes caused by the decreasing proportion of males in Buginese villages, and the study of Buginese migrants in urban environments.

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This is a research report of two sago-villages in Kabupaten Luwu, South Sulawesi. Desa Takkalala, a community which formerly produced sago for subsistence, has been undergoing a drastic change in the last 10 to 15 years due to the improvement of the highway system and the consequent inflow of a large number of Bugis migrants, who are industrious planters of cloves and other cash crops. The market price of sago has risen recently, because the newcomers welcomed this crop as a cheap substitute for rice. But some villagers had already converted their sago forest into banana and cocoa gardens. They are hoping to transform the village into a sort of truck-farming village where they can grow more valuable crops than sago. In contrast to Desa Takkalala, Desa Pengkajoang remains a genuine sago-village, where sago is the mainstay of life. Besides sago production, villagers rely heavily on raising buffalo and fish. They believe that this is the best combination for tropical lowland, and argue that sago cultivation can be a commercially sound business if a market is secured.

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キャッサバの種茎は銀行と同じだ―ザンビア農村の生活世界―

原　　将也

　

多様性と混沌とその先に―ヨルダンの新聞社を訪ねて―

佐藤麻理絵

　

カンボジアの森林保護区滞在記

鈴木　　愛

　

室内を彩る多様なクルアーン装飾品

二ツ山達朗

　

ボンボ（悪霊）がやってきた日

大出亜矢子

　

陽を待つひと

近藤有希子

　

帰ってきたイモムシ

藤岡悠一郎

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This report summarizes the results of a survey conducted in Kecamatan Malili, Wotu and Bua Ponrang of Kabupaten Luwu from December 1980 through January 1981. Many spontaneous and independent migrants, in addition to the governmental transmigrants, come to this region of low population density and clear agricultural land for themselves. The spontaneous migrants, most of whom are Torajanese and Buginese from the neighbouring Kabupaten, clear forest to make wet-rice fields (sawah), upland fields (ladang) or estates (kebun) for commercial crops. The process by which they adapt to the new environment and their impact on the native people were investigated.
 The Torajanese migrants have a strong tendency to establish wet-rice fields in their settlements similar to those in their homeland, while the Buginese migrants have a wider adaptability which enables them to employ various methods of cultivation in their settlements. The Buginese migrants tend to grow commercial crops such as cengke (cloves) in addition to wet rice. The native people affected by the migrants have begun to open permanent fields for rice instead of practicing shifting cultivation. Their permanent rice fields are called sawah ladang, wet-rice fields derived from shifting-cultivated fields; they are not yet well enough established to be called ‘real’ wet-rice fields. In the migrant settlements, rice is usually cultivated first by dibbling without tillage, then by cangkul-tillage and transplanting after the fields have been bunded. Migrants intend eventually to adopt buffalo-ploughing in place of cangkul-tillage. The changes involved in this process of developing wetrice cultivation in the new agricultural settlements are discussed.

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