In Japanese society, civil society movements are not active. One of the most important characters of Japanese civil society movements is the lack of policy planning and its advocacy. Academicians, though usually defined as an intellectual sector of society, have no channel and little inclination to advocate their opinions. However recent changing situation demands scientists to explain their activities, achievements or philosophy.
　 In this paper, we overview major differences between the Japanese society and other societies of developed countries affecting the activities of promoting social dialogue about science, R&D or university education. Especially, we focus on (1) the role and activities of organizations in the West (like AAAS in the United States or Observa in Italy), (2) the way scientists are involved into them, and (3) social or cultural supports these organizations get from their societies.
　 In addition, we also explore the possible role of Non-Profit Organization in Japanese society by analyzing the activity of our NPO, Science Communication as a case.