This paper aims to clarify the characteristics of societies, that are pre-modern, modern and postmodern societies, from the viewpoint of〈Gemeinschaft〉and〈Gesellschaft〉.
　　　At first Yu-nakama community in Nozawa-onsen village is focused. The hot spring water in this village has been utilized by hotels, guesthouses and communal bathhouses on the old conventional rights of hot spring. There are 13 Yu-nakama communal agencies for managing those bathhouses, which are open to visitors. Yu-nakama and other conventional rights have been supported by social sectors such as Nozawa-kai foundation, self government organization Nozawa-kumi and village municipality.
　　　In modern society, money is the main subject in market world. Money system has been changed from gold-money to gold standard and finally to paper money standard. Then money itself had to leave“money as fortune”and to arrive at“money as debt”. Money as Secular God has now come to God of “debt community”enshrined on the altar of nation-state and central bank. Money has grown to be capital by making use of its nature to‘take risks’. Marx’s words“capital makes true community”now appear to be‘finance community’（M. Aglietta 2012）.
　　　A number of young people now begin to escape from“capital community”and to support themselves on the conception of “serious self-help”. It reminds me of Marx’s“individual ownership”mentioned in his Capital, which also leads us to the concept of “communism”. At the same time“societal ownership”is another important concept which is relevant to“socialism”. Communism and socialism assume each other and will build a new society on the global level.

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