The prevailing vowel system of Middle Korean consisted of a group of wide vowels (a, ∧, o), a group of narrow vowels (∂, i, u), and a neutral vowel (i). The formation of words was then performed strictly according to the vowel harmony based on these groupings. However, there were several, or rather many word pairs of which the formation was realized either with wide vowels or narrow ones without seemingly diverging in their meanings or meaning shades.
In early modern Korean where the system began to decay and the harmony ceased to operate, the word pairs with alternation of vowels wide and nerrow have feen fixed in their respective forms diverging more clearly in their meaning or acceptation one member from the other of the pair. Many pairs of this kind can be found still in cantemporary Korean language.
The vowel system of Korean is generally far different from those of many Uralic and Altaic languages, even from that which is presupposed by Izui to have been in archaic Japanese.
Works of many scholars of contemporary Korea are cited and consulted here.

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1992年中韓修交以来,中国延辺朝鮮族と韓国人の言語接触の機会は年々増えている.延辺朝鮮族は韓国人との談話場面と延辺朝鮮族との談話場面とで違った言語行動を取ることが多い.本稿では,韓国人調査者と延辺朝鮮族調査者が延辺朝鮮族自治州延吉市の住民に道を聞いてそのやりとりを収録する「道教え」談話調査を行って得たデータにもとづき,両談話場面での延辺朝鮮族の言語行動を比較しながら分析した.その結果,次のようなことが明らかになった.1)延辺朝鮮族調査者に対しては,ほぼ延辺方言を使用しているが,韓国人調査者に対しては,「ソウル的表現」を使用する朝鮮族も多い.2)全体的に韓国人調査者には尊称の表現,延辺朝鮮民族者には対称の表現の使用が多い.3)同じ韓国人調査者に対してであっても,女性より男性への言葉遣いの方に気を使う.4)延辺朝鮮族調査者への断り方は対韓国人調査者に比べ,より丁寧である.

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In this paper, a panoramic view is given on the relationship between three different laryngeal features found in Eastern Asian languages. The features under investigation consist of manner of articulation of the consonant, phonation type and pitch, all of which are controlled by larynx. Close correlation between these features is observed, especially among tone languages distributed across the center of the East Asian region. Moreover, examples from surrounding languages (i.e. Japanese and Korean, as well as Austronesian and Austroasiatic languages) are also surveyed.

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