In the 18th century, the Edo era, Kano and Tosa schools had big influence as traditional academy since last period, even they were stagnant. Against those schools, some painters organized new schools and produced new devices getting rid of the academic limits. Those new schools were called Maruyama and Bunjin schools, but there were also another kind of artists who didn't belong to any school, and tried to create individualistic new art being free from traditions. SOGA, Shohaku was one of them. He was known as heretical painter of the Edo era as same as ITO, Jakuchu and NAGASAWA, Rosetsu. They made their efforts for setting new aspects in the traditional tendency. When we survey each painters through their styles of paintings, not through classifying them to schools, we find that those heretical painters have their own genealogy. It is true that they were not classified to any school. for their too strong individuality, but they were one of the main streams of paintings of the Edo era apart from the traditional Kano school. We can also say that it is possible for them to exist only in the decadance period of the later Edo era.
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