この 4 月で任期 2 年目を迎えられた佐々木会頭に， 日本薬学会とのこれまでの関わりや，多岐にわたる会頭としての日頃の活動と役割，薬学会の将来と今後の抱負，本誌への要望について幅広くお話を伺いました。

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九州大学大学院薬学研究院の佐々木茂貴教授が，「ゲノム標的化学の展開による機能性分子の創成」の業績により，平成29年度日本薬学会賞を受賞された．核酸化学の研究領域において卓越した業績を上げられた本受賞に対して，同じ分野を志すものとして心からお祝い申し上げたい．

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In order to clarify the cause for statistical scatter of the surface fatigue crack initiation lives and the growth lives in NiCrMoV cast steel, which is used as a large-size turbine rotor shaft, the initial crack growth behavior and the crack initiation sites have been investigated in detail. The rotating bending fatigue tests were carried out for four kinds of stress amplitude including the one just above the fatigue limit in room temperature and in air. The fatigue process was divided to several ranges by its crack length. By analyzing the distribution of the number of cycles required for cracks to propagate in each range, the corresponding crack length range which would strongly affect the scatter of the fatigue lives was examined. From the SEM observation of crack initiation sites, most of the cracks were found to initiate from inclusions, and their size, shape and depth were measured. The relationship between these values and the initiation lives were examined. Moreover, the crack length range which is sensitive to the microstructure was investigated by considering the correlation between the crack propagation rate and the stress intensity factor on the log-log relation.

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There are two kinds of cinders, obtained as the residue in sulphuric acid plant. One is mainly composed of Fe₂O₃ (Pyrite cinder Py-C) and the other is mainly composed of Fe₃O₄
(Pyrrhotite cinder Pr-C).
To clarify differences of the reducing behavior between these two cidners.
The cinders were investigated as follows:
(1) Measurement of high temperature permeability at various temperature.
(2) Degree of reducibility.
The main results were as follows:
(1) Py-c was reduced easier than Pr-c by CO and solid C.
(2) High temperature permeability of Py-c was better than that of Pr-c.

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Rotating bending fatigue tests were carried out on austempered ductile cast iron (ADI) in order to investigate the statistical properties of life distributions of crack initiation and propagation, and also the evaluation of fatigue life.
The results are summarized as follows: (1) The size of crack initiation sites of the material was represented by a Weibull distribution without regarding to the kinds of crack initiation sites such as microshrinkage and graphite grain. The crack initiation life scattered widely, but the scatter became much smaller as soon as the cracks grew. (2) The crack propagation life N_ac which was defined as the minimum crack propagation rate showed lower scatter than the crack initation life. (3) The fatigue life of the material was evaluated well by N_ac and the propagation rate after N_ac. It was clear that the fatigue life of ductile cast iron was goverened by the scatter of N_ac.

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In order to clarify the cause for statistical scatter of fatigue lives, crack propagation behavior was investigated. Three kinds of metals, a low carbon steel (S15C) with four grain sizes, a pure copper and an austenitic stainless steel (SUS304), were tested under rotating bending to examine the effect of material structure. To evaluate the characteristics of scatter of crack propagation rate, the relationship between the crack propagation rate da/dN and the stress intensity factor range ΔK was analyzed for four ranges of crack length from crack initiation to failure. Statistical properties of a power m and a coefficient C in the Paris' law obtained by a regression analysis for each crack were examined in relation to material structure. Furthermore, the crack deflection ratio, R_d, obtained from the measurement of crack length along crack path, which increases with the effect of material structure, was statistically examined and discussed.

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Rotating bending, push-pull and plane bending fatigue tests were carried out in the high cycle fatigue region with unnotched specimens of five kinds of carbon steel at room temperature. The results obtained are as follows.
(1) The fatigue process was divided into three stages based on the variation of plastic strain range ε_pg. In the first stage, ε_pg increased with the number of stress cycles n and reached to the maximum value ε_pgM at stress cycles n_M. In the second stage, ε_pg decreased with n and reached to the minimum value ε_pgV at n_V. In the last stage, ε_pg was almost constant or increased slightly.
(2) The ratio of ε_pgV to ε_pgM was nearly constant for various stress amplitudes σ_g as follows,
(ε_pgV/ε_pgM)=C₁
where C₁ was an experimental constant dependent upon the kind of test materials.
(3) The increase of ε_pg during the first stage and the decrease of ε_pg during the second stage corresponded with the decrease of fatigue life N, and the relations between the maximum increase ε_pgM and n_M, and between the maximum decrease (ε_pgM-ε_pgV) and (n_V-n_M) were as follows,
ε_pgM·n_M^m₂=C₂
(ε_pgM-ε_pgV)·(n_V-n_M)^m₃=C₃
where m₂, m₃, C₂ and C₃ were experimental constants and n_M and n_V corresponded with the numbers of stress cycles at micro-crack initiation and macro-crack initiation, respectively.
(4) With regard to fatigue damage, the damage (D₁₂) for the first and second stages was related to the variations of plastic strain range ε_pg1 in the first stage and ε_pg2 in the second stage as follows,
D₁₂=(ε_pg1/ε_pgM)·(D₁)_max.+{ε_pg2/(ε_pgM-ε_pgV)}·(D₂)_max.
where (D₁)_max. and (D₂)_max. were the maximum values of fatigue damage for the first and the second stages, respectively.
(5) With regard to fatigue life, the relation between the life N and ε_pg was shown as,
{ε_pgM+(ε_pgM-ε_pgV)}·N^m₅=C₅
where m₅ and C₅ were experimental constants and m₅≈0.5, C₅≈ε_F(ε_F: tensile ductility) in this study.

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Macro PK (Psychokinesis) is the phenomena of the interaction between consciousness and masses existed in real macro world. A series of macro PK experiments such as metal PK and thoughtography PK have been performed. In order to understand the mechanism underlying the macro PK phenomena, we assumed that the formation of psychic spin pair (PSI-pair or PSI-spin) played important role in quantum information teleportation in leading macro PK interacting processes by the use of quantum entanglement. The psychic information teleportation was defined as processes in which information was transmitted from location A to B directly and instantly via ways different from optical fibers and general known approaches. Since the psychic spin pair is assumed to form according to the spiral interaction between (+) spin and (-) spin pairs of elementary psychic particles, the bounding energy between the spin pair was estimated by the relation, Et2=2m₀c₂+(E+)+(E-)+pE_ψ. The energy Et2 provided the bounding force to generate the quantum entanglement which is the base response for quantum information teleportation. On the other hand, the energy Et2 was able to be released and behaved like external Qi in making human consciousness-mass interactions, or equivalently PK interactions. By means of the quantum information teleportation, location A (human consciousness) entanglemently influenced the separated location B (macro PK position), and therefore leading to macro PK observed in experiments.

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ゲノムの全塩基配列の解析によって,病気に関連する遺伝子の発見や治療薬の開発が促進されると期待されている。さらに,タンパク質にならないゲノム領域の多彩な機能の発見は生命科学研究に大きな変革をもたらしている。また,遺伝子の化学的本体であるDNA(デオキシリボ核酸)やRNAには一般的な右巻き2本鎖以外の様々な立体構造が含まれており,遺伝子発現の制御に重要な役割を果たしている。本稿では,DNAやRNAの配列や立体構造を区別して作用する新しいくすりの可能性について紹介する。

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Push-pull fatigue tests at a constant stress amplitude were carried out on mild steel specimens which were annealed and pre-strained in tension to 1%, 5% and 10% strains. Some relationships between the dislocation structure and the plastic strain range Δε_p or Vickers hardness H_V were investigated during the fatigue process.
(1) The dislocation structure induced previously by the prestrain ε_pre was recovered and rearranged with stress cycling, and became a typical cell structure by fatigue in the later stage.
(2) The annealed and the 1% pre-strained specimens in which the total dislocation density ρ_t and H_V increased during the fatigue process showed cyclic hardening. On the other hand, the 5% and the 10% pre-strained specimens in which they decreased showed cyclic softening.
(3) The pre-strained specimens showed higher values of Δε_p than that of the annealed one in the initial stage. But, as the amount of ε_pre increased the value of the Δε_p became smaller and the number of cycles to the maximum of the Δε_p became larger.
(4) The variations of ρ_t for the annealed and the pre-strained specimens during the fatigue process were expressible by the same equation derived from dislocation dynamics.
(5) During the fatigue process, the relationship between H_V and ρ_t was expressed as a simple relation, H_V ∝ √ρ_t.
(6) A mean cell size L_m at a fatigue failure point did not depend on ε_pre, but on the stress amplitude or the number of cycles to failure.

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Annealed mild steel specimens have been subjected to rotation under the bending stress of 21∼31kg/mm² with the speed of stress repetition at 3∼3000rpm at room temperature to examine its dynamic strain amplitudes and creep strains. A wire strain gage and an ocillogram have been employed by means of a slip ring to record the process.
(1) Fatigue process, which is expressed by the dynamic strain amplitude, can be divided into three stages: first stage of softening, second stage of hardening, and third stage of apparent softening.
(2) When the speed of stress repetition is slow and the stress amplitude is high, the amplitude of dynamic strain increases to a larger value, and the effect of stress amplitude on the specimens is larger than that of the speed of stress repetition.
From the experimental results, it has been made clear that fatigue life is in inverse proportion to the peak of dynamic strain amplitude, i. e. the maximum value of softening process.
(3) With the exception of the third stage, the dynamic strain amplitude on fatigue process is proportional to the transient creep strain during fatigue process.

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Plain specimens made of low carbon steel S20C were tested under tensile fatigue load under the conditions of σ_min=5.3kg/mm² and of σ_m=22kg/mm². The stress-strain hysteresis loop in each stress cycle was reproduced on a synchroscope, and its variation was observed throughout the test on each specimen, in which the stress applied to the specimen was picked up from the loop dynamometer, and the strain of the specimen was picked up from the specimen itself, both by using the wire resistance strain gauges. Permanent strain occurring in the specimen was also measured by means of a dial indicator.
The following conclusions were obtained through the discussions of the experimental results.
As a whole, the variation of the plastic strain amplitude Δε_p, which was obtained as the half width of hysteresis loop, showed a similar tendency to that obtained previously on low carbon steels under completely reversed axial load. In some of the specimens, however, some amount of fluctuation of Δε_p was observed through the test period, but no systematic periodicity nor any regularity could be found. There existed a linear relationship between the plastic strain amplitude Δε_p and the number of cycles to failure N, when plotted on a log-log paper. The linear relationship was also found when the total hysteresis energy W was plotted against N on a log-log paper, where W was defined as W=w·N, in which w was an area of the hysteresis loop. The increase of the permanent strain ε_p coincided in its tendency with those observed in many previous investigations on fatigue deformation under simultaneous actions of static and repetitive loads. However, no correlation between the variation of Δε_p and the increase of ε_p could be found.

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Investigations on some changes of unmonotonous conductivity L (a value of 1μs after marking DC3V) of meridian points were made by way of putting an artificial Qi energy controller or materials of psi-device on the meridian points of human body. An meridian system therapist is able to change the unmonotonous conductivity L of a patient's meridian points and the standard deviation σ (28 meridian points of both hands and feet) about 50% at the maximum using metallic board, ceramics and permanent magnet. Then, a test of L change when putting a metallic board and magnetic field on meridian points was conducted with an experimenter and a non-experimenter who had been selected at random among some students in good health during the absence of the therapist. Experiments were performed 37 times, among which, excepting 2 experiments for another purpose, changes were recognizable in 28 experiments and no change was shown in 3 experiments, while unclear results were obtained in 4 experiments. In conclusion, it can be considered that the unmonotonous conductivity L of meridian points is also changeable by means of using materials of metallic boards and magnetic field, moreover, the combination use realizes more remarkable change than single use.

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Rotating bending fatigue tests of smooth specimens were carried out at room temperature on a pearlitic ductile cast iron (PDI) and austempered ductile cast iron (ADI). No significant difference due to sampling position from cast blocks in both materials was found in fatigue limit and fatigue life distribution. Then, the statistical fatigue properties of ferritic (FDI), ferritic/pearlitic (FPDI), pearlitic and austemperd ductile cast irons were investigated. The fatigue life distributions of all ductile irons were well represented by the three parameter Weibull distribution modified by the saturated probability of failure. The shape parameters of FDI, FPDI and PDI were in proportion to σ/σ_w independent on microstructure, while the shape parameters of both stress levels in ADI were smaller than unity. The fatigue strength of ADI was highest, but the scatter of fatigue life was largest among the all cast irons.

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