The conventional research on the position held by Ashikaga Takauji 足利尊氏 within the government formed after the Kenmu 建武 imperial restoration (1334) tends to argue that the warrior leader was excluded from all of its affairs. However, Amino Yoshihiko 網野善彦 has proposed that such a view be reconsidered in the light that the Kenmu government officially gave Takauji charge over Chinzei 鎮西 (Kyushu) military affairs, a subject that is now being pursued by Mori Shigeaki 森茂暁 and Ito Kiyoshi 伊藤喜良. Nevertheless, the conventional skeptical view of Takauji's role has yet to be reconsidered ; and his involvement in the Kenmugovernment has by no means been thoroughly investigated. In the present article, the author conducts a detailed analysis of the time from Takauji's turn against the Kamakura Bakufu in the 4th month of Genko 3 (1333) through the post-coup de'etat settle ment. The research to date has tended to look upon Takauji's involvement in the settlement as anti-government in attitude ; however, it is a fact that 1) Takauji utilized his close relationship with Emperor Go-Daigo to raise troops during the conflict, and 2) petitions for Imperial recognition of deployment (chakuto-jo 着到状) to the battles fought in the Kanto and Chinzei regions were submitted to the Emperor through Takauji. Moreover, Takauji's receipt of these petitions stemmed not from any personal ambition, but rather from his position as an intermediary for the Emperor ; and the authority that Takauji assumed during the incident was not personally usurped, but always based on his relationship to the Emperor, and was finally officially recognized in his appointment as military commander-in-chief of Chinju-fu 鎮守府 on Genko 3/6/5. In addition, his investiture as a minister of state (kugyo 公卿) was an attempt by the Emperor to define his position within the imperial court's organization. The author concludes that rather than being excluded from the affairs of the Kenmu government, Ashikaga Takauji was placed in one of its positions of military responsibility, and from the standpoint of Takauji himself, this role was not the result of some move to expand his own political influence, but rather stemmed from the powers invested in him through his official appointment as commander-in-chief of Chinju-fu.

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西園寺公宗の宝、日野名子の日記「竹むきが記」は、皇統・公家社会・婚姻形態にかかわる三つの危機を乗越え、これに鍛えられた女性によって書かれた作品である。困難きわまる時代の中で、夫を失い、その家に乗込んで遺児を育て上げ、家門を守った彼女は、同時に自らの判断で信仰の道を定め、在俗修行に徹する。中世までの自立性高い女性と、近世の夫に従属し家を守る女性の分岐点に立つ本記は、危機を描く文学として価値高いものである。新たな見直しを期待したい。

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The studies on the law to punish both parties in a quarrel are many, the first being a study undertaken in 1720 (or the 5th year of Kyoho era) by Sorai Ogyu, a noted contemporary scholar, and a number of essays written and books published since the Meiji Restoration by such well-known scholars as Dr. Kaneyuki Miura, etc.
In the present paper, the writer wishes to approach the problem on the basis of the assertions made by the savants mentioned above, from the point of view of the law stipulating the legal procedures to be followed by the Samurai (or Buke), and will try to find a conclusion in the vicissitudes of the procedural law which ruled that any who resorted to quarrel in spite of and disregarding the statutes advising appeal for righteous legal procedures would be deprived once and for all of the right to appear in a court.
Thus, the law providing for simultaneous punishment of both parties in a quarrel seems to imply a terminal point for all these acts and regulations motivated by the necessity to regulate and control all these disorderly acts.

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