On October 1,1994,TOKYO FM started the inaugural service of "VISUAL INFORMATION RADIO", an advanced form of the FM multiplex audio broadcast technology. The 32 regional FM stations of Japan FM Network (JFN) followed TOKYO FM to start a nationwide service in April 1995. The new service is arousing active interest or radio audience and radio receiver manufacturers. This is to outline the basic concept of VISUAL INFORMATION RADIO from the technical poit of view, 〓scribing the transmission method, introduction to the consumer market and future applications.

抄録全体を表示

  The early childhood period critically influences how children form their fundamental lifestyles. However, little is known about the pedagogical moment of Environmental Education or how children acquire early attitude towards the environment. Children often acquire knowledge about the world through images within picture books. These images affect children's attitudes toward the environment. Upon analyzing the contents of 358 children's picture books, three major thematic categories appeared:
  (A) Environmental-Education picture books, which discuss environmental topics overtly, with a call to action
  (B) Environmental-issues picture books, which present various environmental issues without calling for specific actions and charges.
  (C) Environmental-related picture books, which merely touch upon environmental issues.
  In this paper, types (A) and (B) are examined, and I found that there are three main characteristics. Such books have at least one or two of the following characteristics in common:
  1) The planet earth is shown from space
  2) Images of animals and plants suffering adversely from pollution are shown
  3) environmentally-friendly messages are featured in the form of, both directly and indirectly, slogans cartoons, pictures, etc.
  Since the 1972 UN Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm, researchers and environmental educators seem eager to construct the “ideal” environmental education. Such an approach could be described as “Politically-based environmental education”. “Politically-based environmental education” ignores the existence of “Unconsciously-continued environmental education”, which is often obscured by modern daily life. Even though this subtle folk knowledge is overlooked by many researchers, examining it is a good method to learn about alternative environmental education.
  I would like to emphasize the importance of “unconsciously-continued environmental education” by examining environmental picture books.

抄録全体を表示

This study considers the activities of street performers on and around the new Umeda footbridge in Kita, Osaka. In this study, the perspectives of time geography and social networks are emphasized.

The following conclusions can be drawn as a result of field observations and personal interviews with street performers,

The various street performers are divided into 4 types: (1) musicians, (2) fine artists, (3) vendors, and (4) other performers. Based on these types, the purpose of their street activity varies and their space-time distribution patterns can be seen around the new Umeda footbridge.

The environment surrounding the street performers consists of the police and municipalities, local companies, media organizations, fans and visitors. On the one hand, they regulate the activities of the street performers, while, on the other, they are affected by the independent activities of the street performers.

Against the background of the spread of the Internet, street performers form social networks by creating their own homepages.

From knowledge of time geography and social networks, this paper analyzed various structural relations around street performers. Street activities in the city are understood as an example exhibited in many dimensions of time, space and society.

抄録全体を表示