The stand structure of Pinus thunbergii Parl. forests were analyzed to provide the information for conservation of coastal forest in eastern part of Kangwon province, Korea. The floristic composition on P. thunbergii Parl. forests were composed of 34 families, 81 genera, 83 species, 11 varieties, 1 forma, totaling 95 taxa. Generally, increasing of the stand age was increased understory vegetation in P. thunbergii Parl. forests. Especially, inland plants were increased. Understory vegetations of P. thunbergii Parl. forests were helpful in many ways. It was stabilized of forest floor and blocked up the movement of sand from the coast.

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Two-year-oldclonal materials of Cryptomeria japonica were kept at two different pairs of alternating temperatures: higher, 30°C for day (6.00 a.m. to 6.00 p.m.) and 25°C for night(6.00 p.m. to 6.00 a.m.) and lower, 20°C for day and 15°C for night. After two weeks, they were sprayed with gibberellin (GA₃) solution (100 ppm) and subjected to alternating temperature conditions. Male flower buds were initiated only under the higher alternating temperatures within four weeks after the GA₃ treatment. One third of the female flower buds were initiated, irrespective of temperature condition. The other two thirds were initiated under the lower alternating temperature mainly within three weeks after the GA₃ treatment. The initiation cf flower buds was affected by the temperature conditions prior to the GA treat-ment, they were earlier in the case of the higher alternating temperatures.

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Cryptorneria japonica D. DON (sugi) two-year-old clonal materials were grown under 12 combinations of three different day temperatures (30, 25, and 20°C) and four different night temperatures (30, 25, 20, and 15°C) in a phytotron artificial-light room. Light-temperatures shifts for the day and night were scheduled as follows (day: 6:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.) with a light intensity of 50 klux (night: 6:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m.). Clonal materials were sprayed three times with gibberellin (GA₃ and GA₄₊₇ separately) solutions (100ppm) two weeks after initiating the experiment. Male strobili were initiated under 30°C both for day and night temperature conditions, but day temperature had more influence than night temperature. In contrast, female strobili were initiated under 25 and 20°C for day and 25 and 15°C for night in all combinations of temperatures. Male strobili were initiated mostly under a 30°C day with a 25°C night. Whereas female strobili were initiated mostly under a 25°C day with a 15°C night.

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ボカスギ2年生サシキクローンを用いて,時期をかえ温度条件の異なるファイトトロンガラス室(自然日長)に入れ,光条件の季節的変動がスギの花成反応におよぼす影響についてしらべた。1979年6月1日,8月1日,10月1日および12月1日に温度条件が30°C～25°C,25°C～20°Cおよび20°C～15°C(いずれも12時間ずつの変温で左がa.m. 6:00～p.m. 6:00の,右がp.m. 6:00～a.m. 6:00の間め温度である)の室に入れた。いずれの時期にも温度処理をはじめてから2週間後にジベレリン(GA₃,100ppm)の水溶液を散布した。ジベレリン処理の時期によって花成反応にちがいがみられ,雄花は6月処理区で分化しやすくなるが,処理時期が遅くなるにつれてしだいに分化しにくくなる。一方,雌花は8月以後に処理をした場合に分化しやすくなる。このような傾向は,とくに温度条件が30°C～25°Cでつよくみられる。これらのスギの花成反応のちがいは,ファイトトロンガラス室における光条件(日長,光質,光強度)の季節的な変動によると考えられる。

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The mechanism of the ferrite banding in low carbon steels has not been known clearly. The author researched behaviours of the ferrite band, particularly in “sandwich plate” in which C steel and alloy steel are put one on another, like sandwich. It was known that the ferrite band was produced by segregations of some elements, for example P, Sn, Ni, Cr and Mn, and Ar₃ of the parts of ferrite banding was higher than the parts of pearlite banding.

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Two-year-old clonal materials of Cryptomeria japonica D. DON were kept at three alternating sets of temperatures: 30°C for day (6:00a.m. to 6:00p.m.) and 25°C at night (6:00p.m. to 6:00a.m.), 25°C for day and 20°C at night, and 20°C for day and 15°C at night. Seedlings were sprayed with gibberellin (GA₃) solutions (50, 100, 200, 300, and 400ppm) two weeks after initiating the experiment. Among concentrations of GA₃, significant differences were seen in flower development: that is, more male strobili were formed with lower concentrations of GA₃, whereas high concentrations of GA₃ reduced the number of male strobili formed. In contrast, female strobili were formed with high concentrations of GA₃. Male and female strobili were formed under the alternating temperature conditions of 20_??_15°C and 25_??_20°C more than under 30_??_25°C. The height growth of seedlings was promoted more with 100, 200, and 300ppm concentrations of GA₃ than with higher and lower concentrations.

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To achieve efficient air conditioning of data centres, we constructed a spot cooling-type carbon dioxide heat transportation system for servers on the basis of typical data centre air-conditioning techniques. In previous studies, we investigted the operational characteristics of forced and natural circulation methods under the condition of two-phase flow between server racks, with carbon dioxide as the working fluid. In this paper, we focused on a sudden unsteady variation in variables such as temperature and flow rate that may cause heat transportation in this system to become unstable. Here we construct a mathematical model and investigate the transient operational characteristics of heat transportation with two-phase flow in the unsteady state through simulations and experiments. Factors such as the server room temperature and cooling water temperature were considered as key variables that influence the heat transfer characteristics of the condenser and evaporator. The results showed that the experimental and simulated effects of air temperature and cooling water temperature were almost consistent. We also clarified the transient characteristics of the heat transportation system with carbon dioxide as the working fluid.

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  Influence of mean strain on fatigue life (N_f) of flake graphite cast iron (FC25) and spheroidal graphite cast iron (FCD45) were studied. Effects of matrix structure on the mean strain dependence were discussed. N_f of spheroidal graphite cast iron with pearlite matrix is dependent on the mean strain, but that of FCD45 with ferrite matrix is independent. The relationship of N_f and mean strain agrees approximately with the fatigue theory assuming that mean strain is the residual strain. N_f of FC25 is affected by mean strain not only in ferrite matrix but also pearlite matrix. A characteristic of cast iron is significantly shown, that is, N_f of FC25 is weak to tension and is strong against compression.

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A research on the altitudinal distribution of forest birds was conducted on the Yakushima Island, south-western Japan, in winter, 1983. Three types of the assemblages of dominant bird species were recognized in respective plant formations from the coastal area to the mountain top : Hypsipetes amaurotis, Zosterops japonica and Parus varius in an evergreen broad-leaved forest (40-900 m) and in a Cryptomeria forest with evergreen broad-leaved trees (900-1200 m), Z. japonica, P. ater, Troglodytes troglodytes and P. varius in a Cryptomeria forest with deciduous trees (1200-1555 m), and Z. japonica, Turdus naumani and Emberiza cioides in a mosaic of a scrub of Pseudosasa and Cryptomeria forest (1555 m-1886 m). Overall, of the thirty-two species recorded, twenty-two were residents and ten were winter visitors. Of the seven dominant residents, three species shifted downward, one shifted upward, and three did not shift from their breeding sites. Winter visitors were characterized by many seed or fruit eaters, or ground-foraging insectivores and no canopy-foraging insectivores, which is in contrast to summer visitors. Winter visitors mainly invaded the Cryptomeria forest with deciduous trees or shrub in a forest edge, the habitats being liable to a great seasonal change.

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The hydroelastic response of a large and long floating offshore structure moored in short-crested waves by tensioned tether buoys is studied in this paper. The applied model is a psuedo-elastic body by connecting each rigid unit part at deck with elastic members. The main concern of this paper is the distribution of vertical displacement in short-crested waves.
Firstly, the deflections of deck part among regular waves are calculated based on the method of combination of modal analysis and hydrodynamic force analysis and the results are compared with measured values at multi-points. The deflections in short-crested waves are discussed through experimental results and theoretical preditions. The response spectra and distributions of variance of vertical displacement along centerline of structure are shown for both long and short-crested waves and the influence of flexibility on deflection has been discussed.
In addition, motion of TL-buoy and tether tention in case of single buoy and the buoy moored to structure are investigated. Finally, the interactions between buoy and structure are discussed from the view point of realization of mooring system for large and long floating offshore structure.

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Many plans to construct very large offshore floating structures are proposed, such as floating cities, airports, and so on. In the first report, the authors studied the response of the flexible structures in directional waves. The main results show that the flexibility of the structures affect their responses due to structural deformation. However, these responses are mainly in wave frequency regions. The low frequency or steady responses sometimes become sgnificant and cause fatal accidents. This paper is about the experiments conducted to investigate the responses of large structures in wide frequency region.
In the first report, the structures are moored by a single buoy of a TLP type. Therefore, the large and slow oscillations are observed which cause rotation around yaw axis and displacement in sway direction. These oscillations cause difficulty in using such offshore structures for any purpose. In these experiments, described in this paper, another buoy is added to the mooring system in order to reduce such motions. Both ends of the structure therefore are moored by two buoys.
The main purpose of this paper is to measure the responses of the structures in an oblique condition relative to the wave direction. In the experiments, two setting angles, 0 and 22.5 degrees are used to obtain comparative results. The results show that in the oblique condition the level of some slow oscillations decreased while the interactions between motions increased especially in low frequency responses.

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