本研究の目的は，大学弓道選手を対象に，『楽しみ志向』，『自己鍛錬志向』，『勝利志向』の3つの異なるスポーツ価値志向間における心理的スキルとパフォーマンスの関連性の類似・相違点を明らかにすることであった．第66回全日本学生弓道選手権大会の参加者を対象に，質問紙調査を実施した．1,302票の有効回答を回収し，458名（36.1%）が『楽しみ志向』に，539名（42.5%）が『自己鍛錬志向』に，271名（21.4%）が『勝利志向』に分類された．これらのデータを基に，日本的スポーツ価値志向別にパフォーマンスを従属変数，個人属性（性別，年齢，学年）および弓道競技歴を制御変数，心理的スキル（「イメージ能力」，「リラクセーション能力」，「忍耐力」，「平常心」，「行射への自信」，「礼儀・規範」，「呼吸のコントロール」）を独立変数とした重回帰分析（強制投入法）を行った．重回帰分析の結果から，（a）『楽しみ志向』について，普段のパフォーマンスでは「イメージ能力」，「忍耐力」，「平常心」，「呼吸のコントロール」，試合のパフォーマンスでは「忍耐力」，「平常心」，（b）『自己鍛錬志向』については，普段のパフォーマンスでは「イメージ能力」，「忍耐力」，「行射への自信」，試合のパフォーマンスでは「イメージ能力」，「忍耐力」，「平常心」，（c）『勝利志向』については，普段のパフォーマンスでは「忍耐力」，「平常心」，「行射への自信」，「呼吸のコントロール」，試合のパフォーマンスでは「行射への自信」，で有意な値が認められた．『自己鍛錬志向』は武道特有の伝統的価値観であり，3志向の中で最も心理的スキルの値が高いことが明らかになった．武道特有の伝統的価値観を継承していくことが文化としてのスポーツとなり，パフォーマンス向上にも繋がることが本研究より推察される．また，技術等によって志向が変化する傾向があることが明らかになったが，どの志向であっても弓道の最高目標である真善美を目指すといった課題目標を持ち，志向別に自己の心理的スキルや心の状態を正確に把握し，コントロールすることで大学弓道選手のパフォーマンス向上に繋がることが示唆された．

抄録全体を表示

The purpose of this study was to develop a psychological skills inventory for kyudo (Japanese archery) athletes. The subjects were 253 kyudo athletes in university athletic clubs (174 men and 79 women, mean age=19.98 years, SD=1.29). They were asked to answer a questionnaire that consisted of a face sheet, the psychological skills inventory for kyudo athletes (PSIKA) that was developed in this study, and their hit ratio in competitive performances of kyudo. Two weeks later, a questionnaire survey was carried out on 18 kyudo athletes (9 men and 9 women, mean age=19.83 years, SD=1.54). The result of an exploratory factor analysis revealed a seven-factor solution with 28 items of PSIKA (Image skills, Relaxation skills, Patience, Presence of mind, Confidence in shooting performance, Courteous and norm, Breath control). Each of the factors demonstrated an acceptable internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha reliability values from 0.704 to 0.882, and test-retest reliability measured Pearson’s correlation coefficient from 0.417 to 0.657. A confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the structural validity of the PSIKA showed acceptable fit indices (GFI=0.921, AGIF=0.888, CFI=0.992, RMSEA=0.018). In terms of criterion-related validity, PSIKA except “Presence of mind” related to hit ratio (r=0.154-0.343), and “Presence of mind” related to “State anxiety” negatively (r=-0.433). These results indicated that the reliability and validity of the PSIKA as a scale for assessing psychological skills of kyudo athletes were statistically satisfied. In addition, these psychological skills had a relation to competitive performance, and improved competitive performance for kyudo athletes can be obtained by acquiring these psychological skills. In future research, in order to formulate a psychological guidance method to assist physical and technical training, PSIKA as an evaluative measure in assessing the psychological skills of kyudo athletes should be used.

抄録全体を表示

The mood and sleep status influence subsequent physical performance. However, the relationship between these factors and the accuracy of hitting the mark in kyudo remains unexplored. This study aimed to compare the mood and sleep status of university kyudo athletes on days with higher and lower accuracy. A total of 15 university kyudo athletes (age, 20 ± 2 years; 11 men) participated in the study. Participants were instructed to shoot 20 arrows in the morning for two to three days, with the days of higher and lower accuracy subsequently determined and compared for mood and sleep status. Sleep status on the preceding day of the accuracy assessments was measured using the Nemuri SCAN, while mood status immediately before the accuracy assessments were measured using the Profile of Mood States 2^nd Edition (POMS2). None of the study participants demonstrated consistent accuracy across all accuracy assessments. When a three-day accuracy assessment was administered, and consistent accuracy was demonstrated on two days, the average mood and sleep status from those two days were incorporated into the analysis. Results indicated that total sleep time and sleep quality were significantly lower on the day before the higher accuracy day than on the day before the lower accuracy day (P < 0.05). Additionally, the Vigor-Activity score of POMS2 was trending lower on the higher accuracy day than on the lower accuracy day (P = 0.09). These results suggest that kyudo athletes may perform better under sub-optimal mood and sleep conditions rather than optimal conditions.

抄録全体を表示

The object of this paper is to clarify how sports activities were conducted at student dormitories operated by dokyo dantai (hometown organizations) during the Meiji and Taisho periods. Others have observed that student activities played a major role in the development of modern sports in Japan. Nevertheless, sports activities at student dormitories operated by hometown organizations remain relatively unexamined. Thus, we sought to clarify that sports activities did indeed flourish at student dormitories operated by hometown organizations, using activities held at the Saitama gakuseiyuekikai (student steering committee) dormitory as a case study, The following historical facts are clarified in this paper. First, students who lived at dormitories operated by hometown organizations during the Meiji and Taisho periods regularly took part in sports activities. We found that, as judo and kendo were introduced the end of the Meiji period, tennis was at first eliminated but later rehabilitated by the end of the Taisho period, and that this process is consistent with the way sports were accepted in Japan during this period of modernization. Second, the students often went on excursions. Although these excursions were originally conceived of as a means for physical education, they also functioned as leisure activities. Third, these dormitories operated by hometown organizations maintained close ties with their hometowns. Sports activities were more than just a way to maintain contact with the cities and towns of Saitama Prefecture, but also demonstrated the larger meaning of sports by functioning as a means to develop individual character and to cultivate the minds of youngsters still at home. As described above, our investigation demonstrated conclusively that a wide range of sports activities were conducted at student dormitories operated by hometown organizations during the Meiji and Taisho periods.

抄録全体を表示