In today’s society, involvement in matters affecting the public is required not only of the national government and local governments, but also of for-profit companies, non-profit organizations and local communities; so, non-profit organizations, in particular, are expected to play a role in seeking the opinions of local residents while negotiating with the various sectors. In Bundesliga, Germany, where non-profit corporations hold the voting rights in professional soccer clubs, there are cases where professional soccer clubs mediate between local governments, businesses, and local residents while playing a common sector role.
In this study, we take the example of the Giravanz Kitakyushu Open Mind Program, which offers support for those suffering from social withdrawal, to show that Japanese professional soccer clubs run by for-profit companies also play a common sector role. We illustrate the special role played by non-profit organizations, formed in response to regional issues unconnected to economic matters, in which they negotiate with other sectors, and how there are legal and institutional issues that arise in the course of their performing this role.

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Building consensus among numerous stakeholders is an important yet difficult step in stadium construction projects. Understanding who the stakeholders are and their characteristics is necessary for the success of construction projects. Using archival materials and semi-structured interviews, we identified and characterized the most salient stakeholders associated with the subsidization decision for the stadium construction plan in Kitakyushu city. Stakeholder classification was carried out using a framework designed by Mitchell et al. (1997) that characterized salient stakeholders using attributes of power, legitimacy, and urgency. Definitive stakeholders identified as having all three attributes included the J. LEAGUE, the Kitakyushu City Assembly, and the Kitakyushu City Public Works Evaluation Committee. Although these groups were classified into the same stakeholder categories, their detailed features or roles were different. The Giravanz Kitakyushu, the city’s professional football team, was considered a dependent stakeholder with legitimacy and urgency, but limited power. Our findings highlighted the importance of stakeholder analysis as a strategic tool, especially in the initial planning phase. Practical implications and ideas for further research were discussed.

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