The auther, as a research result of our department intent on the anthropological and esnological investigation to make comparisons between the fingerprint frequency found in those Southern people of which Indonesians of Java consists the center, and that found in Japanese people living in Kyushu and people living in the continent over there to say more properly, having studied in detail the afore-said frequency, in regard to the inhabitants of Koshikijima, which, lying southwest of Kyushu, and against China Continent, Kyushu, or southern island, has a very significant relation anthropologically; as to this, he has investigated as well as compared those results obtained among the inhabitants, dividing them into three group, the east coast and west coast as well as that of Kashima; then, all the results have been considered minutely in contrast to the surrounding tribes, until he arrived at the following somewhat marked purport;
1) Frequency of fingerprints found among those of east-coasters and west-coasters of Koshikijima, and villagers of Kashima; all these groups prove difference in the frequency; easteners and Kashima villagers proved higher frequency in U-type compared to west-coasters, besides, between the former two, the latter proved higher. Whereas, the west-coasters proved higher in W-type frequency, compared to east-coasters or Kashima villagers. Altogether, these group seen to differ racially.
2) The frequency of fingerprints between southerners and northerners of Kyushu and islanders of Koshikijima; east-coaster as well as Kashima villagers, in their privalence in U-type fingerprints, tends to islanders of Tanegashima, or inhabitants of southern Kyushu, i.e., to the local inhabitants of southern Kyushu; while, the west-coasters, in most points, resembles the northern Kyushuist; also, as for south-Kyushu people and Kashima villagers, the latter may be said to resemble more to the southern people, in their prevalence of U-type fingerprints.
3) The frequency of fingerprints found in Koshikijima people, compared to those of various neighbour tribes or races; The east-shore people and Kashima villagers, who are found to be superior in U-type fingerprint, proved to resemble to the Indonesians of Java; while, west-coasters who have proved prevalent in W-type fingerprints, tend to the so-called continentals, i. e., Manchurians, Mongolians (Mongola), Chinese or Koreans (Chosenese). On the other hand, in case we contrast East-coasters with Kashima islanders, the latter, as they prove more frequent in U-type fingerprint, may be justly considered to tend to southern race.

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1. I took 5.520 (2.740 males and 2.780 females) of the people living in the southern part of Satuma Peninsula as examples of the southern Kyushu inhabitants from among all the Japanese of Kyushu to examine the frequency of the occurrence of the four basic fingerprints. And of the four prints in the cast of males, a type is 1.5%±0.07%; r type 3.2%±0.1%; u type 54.6%±0.30%; and w type 40.7%±0.29%. And in the case of females, a type is 2.1%±0.08%, r type 2.6%±0.09%, u type 59.1%±0.29%, and w type 36.2%±0.28%.
2. When the above mentioned frequency of the occurrence of each of the four basic fingerprints is compared with that of the representative one of the Japanese rase, it is found that there is a resemblance to east-share people of Koshikijima (Kagoshima Prefecture), and the Indonesians (Java) as southern race.

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1. I took 6, 556 (3, 196 males and 3, 360 females) of the people living in the Bizen (Okayama prefecture Wake county) as examples of the Sanyo inhabitants from among all the Japanese of Chugoku to examine the frequency of the occurrence of the four basic fingerprints. And of the four prints in the case of males, a type is 2.1% ± 0.08%; r type 3.1% ± 0.09%; u type 48.1% ± 0.28; and w type 46.7% ± 0.28%. And in the case of females, a is 3.0% ± 0.09%; r 2.4% ± 0.08%; u 52.0% ± 0.27%; and w 42.6% ± 0.27%.
2. When the above-mentioned frequency of the occurrence of each of the four fingerprints is compared with that of the repsesentative one of the Japanese race, it is found that there is a certain degree of difference between the Japanese inhabitants of Sanyo (Bizen) and those living in the southern part of Kyushu in the frequency of the occurrence of the type of u and w in both cases of male and female.
From this fact we can guess that the former have bearing a resemblance to the Japanese of the northern Kyushu, the Koreans, the Chinese and the Manchurians, while the latter, to the Ryukyu people and the Indonesians (of Java).

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The auther, having examined the frequency of ABO-type blood-types that appears in the total 10, 767 inhabitants, containing (including) the eastern shoremen of Koshikijima (male, 4.175, female, 3.738), the western-shoremen (male 726, female, 695) of the same, as well as the villagers of Kashima (male 671, female 762), with similar method as used in the case that examined the fingerprint, has arrived at results as follows:
1. Comparison in frequency proved among the eastern-shoremen, the western-shoremen, both of Koshikijima, and the village people of Kashima.
The east-shoremen and Kashima people proved superior to the west-shoremen in their frequency of O-type blood, and besides, the former proved higher in ratio than Kashima villagers. As to A-type frequency, both the east-and west-shoremen surpassed Kashima villagers, but while in the former no marked difference has been detected among the three, the frequency proved rather high in general; in the frequency of AB-type, the west-coasters proved highest, compared to the east-shoremen or Kashima-villagers, the last proving very low indeed.
II. Comparison of those people of Koshikijima, as well as of Kashima, with several local peoples of Kyushu.
In their high ratio of frequency in O-type blood, the east-shoremen seem to belong the local people of Southern Kyushu; esp., they closely resemble the people of Tanegashima; whereas, the Kashima-villagers enjoy a still higher ratio. The west-shoremen closely approach to the local people of Northern Kyushu, but prove lower in ratio. In A-type frequency, both the east and west-shoremen indicate no special diversity, compared to the Noerthern and Southern Kyushu men; only the Kashima villagers have proved as inferior. In B-type frequency, the former three groups alike stand higher than the South-Kyushu men. In AB-type frequency, the western-shoremen is superior, but in Kashima villagers it has proved lower than local peoples of Kyushu.
III. In eastern as well as western shoremen and Kashima villagers, the frequency of O-type which often characterized the southern peoples, shows more outstanding than in the South-Kyushu men; the eastern shoremen approach close to peoples of South-Kyushu and Tanegashima; moreover, have tendency to approach to such races and tribes as Amami-Oshima, Loochou, Taiwan-Takasago, Micronesia and Indonesia, with gradual stages in crease; the frequency in Kashima people so closely resembles those of Paiwan triwan tribe of Taiwan-Takasago race or Indonesians of Java, proving remarkably southern. In this point, the eastpeople and Kashima people, as seen from the fingerprint, reveal their southern quality; while west-shoremen, similar to the case of fingerprint, approaches to the Koreans in their low frequency of O-type blood type.

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