This paper reports an examination to find how to determine a nonionic surface active agent existing in a COM and adsorptive property of this agent.
Consequently, the authors established a technique to measure the amount of additive in C heavy oil by means of paper chromatography.
Multi-branched high molecular nonionic surface active agents, as an excellent stabilizer for COM, proved to possess a high adsorptivity to coal. That is, the saturated adsorption of them on pulverized coal particles, conventional size for combustion of about 80% passing 200 mesh was of 0.44 to 0.46g/100g coal. On the other hand, the conventional nonionic surface active agents having a poor stabilizing effect showed a low saturated adsorption.

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The result of a large scale COM stability test and, some new points and techniques of practical use will be discussed in this paper.
That is, a sample of 2 tons of COM was prepared and stored in a test tank (10m height, 0.5m inner diameter, 70°C storage condition) for a period of one month and a stability test was conducted.
As a result it was shown that COM without additive was unstable as same as in the case of small cylinder test, exhibiting a settling of coal particles after four days and showing a viscosity of more than 15, 000 cp at the bottom of tank (70°C), making it difficult to be pumped up, while COM with addition of 0. 125% of multi-branched high molecular nonionic surface active agent developed by authors would maintain it stable over a period of one month at 70°C, when COM is prepared such that its viscosity is in the order of several thousands and no coarse particles are found in the COM.
The fact that COM needs to be controlled as for its viscosity and particle size (degree of pulverization) is a new discovery, since detailed examination was impossible at the bottom of a small cylinder.
Finally, it was confirmed that multi-branched high molecular nonionic surface active agents would keep a wide variety of COM stable regardless of the types of coals and oils over a period of one month storage at 70°C in a large storage tank, when the above conditions were met.

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The mixture of coal and fuel oil (COM) can be handled in a similar manner to that for liquid fuels and can save oil by about 1/2. So, COM is valuable as a substitute fuel for oil.
In this report, many COM samples were prepared by the wet process that coal and fuel oil (class C) were simultaneously pulverized in a ball mill in order to examine the effects of the additives on stabilization.
None of COM samples with no additives were stable in reference to all kinds of coal (bituminous, subbituminous coal or lignite): During the still-storing at 70°C for a week, coal was settling and aggregating to reduce their flowability.
The alcohol base multi-branched high molecular nonionic surface active agents, which had been newly synthesized by the authors, were able to stabilize COM samples regardless of kind of coal (bituminous, subbituminous coal or lignite).
By contrast, anionic surface active agents were inferior in effect on stabilization. In some cases, they were effective, but these effects depended upon the kind of coal. Consequently, this type of surfactant was not suitable for the practical application.

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In the previous papers, the authors reported that the multi-branched high molecular nonionic surface active agents had good effects on stabiliza-tion of COM.
This paper covers discussion of additive mixing methods for assuring stability of COM.
First, a COM sample was prepared by using Bank coal as a typical bituminous coal in order to evaluate a homomixer and a propeller in mixing effect. As a result, it was found that stabilization of COM would require sufficient mixing by homomixer. The same COM, diluted with A heavy oil, was subjected to microscopical examination. It showed that coal particles in an unstable COM would remarkably coagulate but those in a COM sufficiently mixed with an additive would not. This phenomenon was regarded as a COM stabilizing mechanism.
Then, for finding an appropriate mixing rate, the abovementioned sample and COM with Beluga coal as a typical lignite were subjected to a continuous mixing (1 ton/hr) test with a line mixer. This test found that stabilization of COM would be promoted as the peripheral velocity of the agitator was higher, or would need powerful agitation (more than 15 m/sec of peripheral velocity, more than 10⁶kg·m/m³ of mixing energy).
In order to lower the required mixing energy, the authors designed and discussed a new method that an additive was diluted with heavy oil (part of COM materials) before mixing it into COM. This heavy oil dilution method provided much higher mixing efficiency, or yielded far more stable COM than the direct addition method.

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T波は心室筋活動電位の (AP) の空間差分変化により生じる.そのため, 心室筋局所活動電位分布ならびに各種異常状態によるAPの変化を知ることが一次性T波異常を考える上で肝要となる.本研究は犬左室表面の活動電位持続時間 (APD) の分布を測定, 正常心の心筋局所APD較差を明らかにした.左室心内膜 (Ed) , 同心外膜面 (Ep) より同時に一対のAPを記録し, (1) 刺激頻度, (2) K⁺濃度, (3) 代謝抑制前後の, APD較差 (Ed-Ep) の変化を記録した.また実験結果を基に冠性T波のsimulationを施行した.その結果, 一次性T波は, Epi-Endocardial gradientが主原因と考えられ, 頻脈や高K血症時のT波の形態変化は, EdとEpのAPD較差に類似していた.冠性T波は, 正常一梗塞境界部にてAPDが正常の20%延長すると仮定するとsimulation可能であった.以上の結果を基にT波の一次的構成と, APD較差の意味と原因について考察した.

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