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In this paper, the relationship between sports and kingship in the New Kingdom of ancient Egypt (1550-1069BC) has been studied. Especially, I focused on the role of sports to maintain and promote the kingship.
In ancient Egyptian society, there were various sports like today, and sports played an important role as a cultural element in this society.
The importance of sports in those days can be attested in many paintings, relieves and literatures.
Particularly, the records of hunting by the kings are analyzed in this paper. Two hypothesis has been provided for the analysis : (1) the meaning of the sports played by the kings was the action for the maintenance of the kingship. (2) Why the sports were employed as the action by the kings for maintenance of kingship.
As a result of the analysis, the meaning of the sports by the kings was confirmed as the action for maintenance of kingship.
Because, the characteristic of sports include the important element of record. so it can be employed as a connection between kings and their people.

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This paper attempts to consider recent transformations in regard to the relationship between the state and hill tribes in Thailand. The initial government policy toward hill tribes had been formulated in the context of the Cold War and lost its grounds in the post-Cold War period. Therefore since 2002 the government itself has gradually withdrawn its hill tribe policy. After 2002, the hill tribes as an administrative category were transformed to “ethnic group (klum chatiphan),” which also includes other ethnic minorities. Meanwhile, a movement to claim the hill tribes as indigenous peoples emerged in the 1990s. Such movements are, however, plagued by theoretical and practical problems. It is widely known that the hill tribes of Thailand include recent immigrants from neighboring countries, which further blurs the distinction between indigenous peoples and migrant workers. The existence of the hill tribes as both indigenous peoples and as migrant workers reflects a dilemma in Thailand’s policy and discourse on nationhood and citizenship.

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