The purpose of this research was to grasp the. situation and changes on sports system in east European nations through the situation of State Amateurs of Judo in Bulgaria. The following facts were recognized by investigation with references and interview to related persons and organizations.
1. Excellent contestants and their coaches had been given higher standard of monthly salary including allowance for training camp by Physical Education and Sports Association of Bulgaria.
2. The contestants who obtained excellent result in a international competition had been given higher amount of reward or cars and so on. The yearly income of some contestants reached to 4 to 5 times of the amount for normal office workers. Coaches of such contestants had been given 60 to 80% of their reward.
3. The amount of reward to contestants had been increased in a year before and the year of Olympic Games. Olympic Games had been understood as a occasion of enhancing national glory.
4. Excellent contestants and their coaches had been given better conditioned residence and the right to use social facilities and to buy living necessities with cheeper price comparing with general people. And it showed a tendency that some of them changed their clubs because of gaining better condition.
5. Training environment for excellent contestants had been well arranged and they could devote to their trainings without disturbance of obliged work.. In the case of excellent results in the certain competition their future had been guaranteed.
6. Students with excellent contest results in national sports academy, where is a institute to bring up sports coaches, could devote to their trainings without disturbance of any other obligation including their study.
7. As excellent contestants and their coaches had been with high social status and respected as the national heroes by general people they could face to competitions with a pride. And they had been given the opportunity to go to abroad without any restriction. It seems that this opportunity gave them a great financial profit.
8. The sports system with State Amateur had given a great profit to produce sports elites in Bulgaria but it showed fragility in financial matter when the political system of nation was changed. This change leaded unemployment and secession of sports elites, and then finally collapse of State Amateur system.

抄録全体を表示

This study aims to identify the appropriate length of original speech per segment of consecutive interpretation from English to Japanese. It is customary in Europe for an original utterance to continue for about five minutes before interpretation starts. While this duration is believed to be much shorter in Japan, there is no consensus in practice or education based on scientific evidence. The longer the segment interpreters must listen to at one time, the greater the memory burden and harder it will be to remember the content. This could result in errors such as omission or substitution. To investigate how the burden on interpreters’ memory affects the precision of interpretation, an experiment on consecutive interpretation was conducted using segments of three different lengths: 1, 2.5, and 5 minutes. The results indicate that errors proportionately increase with the length of the segment.

抄録全体を表示

本論文では、佐賀県の宿泊施設に対して、外国人旅行者の受け入れに関するアンケート調査を実施した。そこで得られたアンケートデータや宿泊施設の属性データをもとに変数を作成し、それらが外国人宿泊者数にいかなる影響を与えるかを分析した。その結果、宿泊施設の施設規模のみならず、情報発信や人材育成といったインバウンド対応に向けた取り組み水準を表す変数が外国人宿泊者数の増加に寄与することが分かった。

抄録全体を表示