本稿は,兵庫県尼崎市を事例とし,戦時期〜戦後改革期における組合施行土地区画整理事業の考察を通じて,農村の側から市街地形成の特質を明らかにすることを課題とする。本稿が明らかにした点は,以下の3点にまとめられる。第1に,戦時期の耕地についてである。地主は小作農民に対し土地区画整理実施前に離作料を支払ったが,戦争末期に事業は滞ったため小作農民による耕地利用が継続された。第2に,戦後改革期における地主・小作農民間の対立についてである。仮換地は小作地の移動や減少を伴うとする組合側の主張に小作農民は反対したため,地主と小作農民は激しく対立したが,政府の方針に沿っていた組合(地主)の主張が通ることとなった。第3に,形成された市街地の特質についてである。土地区画整理の実施により公共用地が創出される一方で,耕作面積の減少を賃耕等によって補った小作農民によって,農地が維持される場合もあった。このような小作農民による農地利用を農業委員会も承認し,農地が残存する市街地が土地区画整理地区内に形成された。

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Verff. berichten über die Tuberkulose bei Volksschulkindern in der Stadt Sapporo,welche 200,000 Einwohner hat und als eine der berühmtesten Tuberkulosestädte in Japanbezeichnet wird. 558 wahrscheinlich gesunde und 3816 schwächliche Kinder von 7 bis16 Lebensjahr wurden von 1934 bis 1936 zur Untersuchung herangezogen.

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From April 10 to May 26, 1933, we examined the tuberculin re a ction in 2596 healthy children, 7 to 14 years old, and partially close physical examination was carried out clinically. For this purpose two primary schools, A and B, in Nagoya city were selected.

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The problem of body temperature in old age, has been studied by many researchers from the middle of the nineteenth century, but their opinions on this problem are very conflicting. The reason why the conclusions are inconstant, would depend on the insufficiency of attention to the measuring apparatus, the method, the subjects and the results of the young which are necessary for comparison to that of the aged.
For the purpose of solving this problem, the study was performed with precise notice as possible, at the first on the general clinical thermometry in old age, second on the measuring values of body temperatures in vast majority of old subjects of all classes in comparison with that of the young.
1) i) On the measurement of the axillary temperature, the thermometer is to be inserted oblique-upperwards to the deepest region of the axilla and to be held for 20 minutes at least under complete closure of the axilla.
ii) On the oral temperature, it is necessary that the mercury bulb of the oral thermometer be situated directly under the tongue and held there for 10 minutes with complete closure of the mouth.
iii) On the rectal temperature, the rectal thermometer should be inserted to the depth of 6cm from the anus and be placed there for 5 minutes.
iv) On the vaginal temperature, the thermometer with a round mercury bulb should be inserted to the fornix vaginae dorsalis and be placed there for 5 minutes.
v) On the temperature of the external auditory meatus, it is necessary that the auditory thermometer should be inserted close to the auditory wall and placed there for 10 minutes.
vi) In the clinic of the aged, the measurement of temperatures in the axilla or the mouth are more preferable, but when these measurements could not be performed correctly, it would be necessary to measure the rectal temperature. And experimental studies show that the measurements of temperatures in the vagina and the external auditory meatus are supplementary methods with their good advantages.
2) i) The axillary temperatures of 1025 healthy old subjects (60-94yrs.) were measured with careful attention and statistical results showed that the distribution was almost normal and the mean value was 36.59°C with standard deviation of 0.39°C. In comparison with those of the young, this results revealed that the mean value of the aged was significantly lower with a difference of 0.30°C and the deviation degree significantly wider. There were no difference of the mean values and the deviations among the following groups: 60-69yrs., 70-79yrs., and over 80yrs., and it was observed that the axillary temperatures of old women were higher than that of old men but the difference of deviations was not significant.
ii) The difference of the body temperature as to their locations was observed and the mean values were found to be higher in following order, i. e., the external auditory meatus, the axilla, the mouth and the rectum and the deviation degrees were wider in the external auditory meatus, the rectum, the mouth and the axilla respectively. And the vaginal temperature was higher than that of the rectum and observations on the symmetrical difference of the temperatures in the axilla and external auditory meatus showed no constant tendency.
iii) The seasonal influence and diurnal variation of the axillary temperature was carefully studied and statistical results showed that the body temperature in old age was lowest during summer but no seasonal difference was found in their deviations, and the axillary temperatures in the afternoon were found to be higher than that of just after awaking or that of the morning and deviation to be smaller range.
iv) According to the continuous observations of influences of day and night, sleep and hypnotic drug, meals, bath, change of posture and room temperature on the body temperature, it was observed that the regulation ability of the aged was more instable and irregular than that of

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