韓国における照明計画の事例を紹介する.現時点において韓国照明・電気設備学会が主催する照明計画に対する表彰制度がないため,韓国照明・電気設備学会と相談し,次の2項目について事例として紹介していただくこととした.なお,本紹介記事の作品写真と説明文書の著作権は韓国照明・電気設備学会に帰属する.1.最近の韓国の代表的な照明計画2.ソウル市漢江橋梁景観照明改善「1.最近の韓国の代表的な照明計画」は,韓国における「代表的な建築物の照明計画」および「最近の事例において優秀と思われる照明計画」を韓国照明・電気設備学会よりご推薦いただいたものである.「2.ソウル市漢江橋梁景観照明改善」は,ソウル市に流れる漢江(ハンガン)に架かる橋梁の照明を全面的に改善する整備計画である.漢江はソウルの象徴ともいえる大河川(幅約1km)であり,ソウル市の風景には欠かせないものである.今回は,その中でも代表的な橋梁である漢南大橋の照明計画を中心に,そのほかの橋梁の概要もあわせて紹介する.

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Some of the chief yearly events and rituals of the folk religion of the Japanese people seem to have originated in Taoism in China. I divide Taoism into positive Taoism which has an organization and folk Taoism which has no such organization. The former was not so influential, while the latter bore a close relation with the life of the people. Taoism which has been closely related with Japanese folk religion is mainly of the latter kind. We have a custom called "Koshin-machi" which is even now observed in Japanese villages. On the evening of "Koshin" Day villagers assemble to eat and pass time discussing or gossipping untill midnight. Forty or fifty years ago, however, they used to stay up all night. As I think this custom originated in the San-shin faith in China, I shall give a brief description of this faith. According to its beliefs, there are three worms in the human body which are called respectively "Shang-shih (Upper Shih)", "Chung-shih (Middle Shih", and "Hsia-shih (Lower Shih)". Those worms are always watching the person's misdeeds. They assend to heaven during the period of his deepest sleep on the night of "Koshin" Day, to tell the God of Heaven about his misdeeds. The God of Heaven shortens the life of that person according to the report received from the worms. The different parts of body accordingly suffer from sickness. The reason why the worms tell the God about the person's misdeeds is because they want him to die. Since the worms cannot assend to heaven but must die unless the person is asleep on that night ; then, in order to live a long life one should remain awake all night on that day. The above stated theory of San-shih is according to the beliefs of folk Taoism. Positive Taoism takes the position that San-shih should be eliminated in order that they will not be one of the obstacles in his becoming a hermit. The San-shih faith seems to have been established in the latter half of the 3rd century, to which various stories were later compounded. In addition, magic and medicine were invented to eliminate the San-shih. Mr. Kunio YANAGIDA is against the theory that the Japanese custom of "Koshin-machi" was introduced from China. But, from the acculturative point of view I think that "Koshin-machi" is the product of a combination of the San-shih faith which came from China with the indigenous Japanese religion and esoteric Buddhism.

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Since the Edo period there has been a prevailing opinion, that the origin of the Japanese Koshin Belief had been derived from Taoism in China, but in recent years Japanese folklorists, with Mr. Kunio YANAGITA as the leader, have come to assert that it was native to Japan. Up to now neither has yet claimed a definite conclusion on this question. The writer thinks that both hypotheses have weaknesses in their methodologies : the former referred only to the literature without reaching into the folk beliefs and customs of the Edo period ; the latter depends only on the results of field work with the presumed ignorance of historical documents. In addition, neither the former nor the latter compare Japanese Koshin Belief in detail with Taoism at all. The writer intends to synthesize the historical records from the Heian period, when Koshin Belief began to appear in Japan, to Meiji Era, with recent field work results, and to compare it with Chinese Taoism and the functions of the Chinese Koshin Belief. He assumed that this method would be the best to determine whether the Koshin Belief has its origin in Japan or not. As the result, Japanese Koshin Belief has come to be judged as the complex of Chinese Taoism, Buddhism including the esoteric form, Shintoism, Shugendo, magical medicine and various Japanese folk beliefs and customs. This study has been published by him under the title of Koshin Belief in Japan. His view-point has been furthermore substantiated by his field research throughout Japan excluding Hokkaido and by his bibliographic survey on this subject. The Japanese folklorist school still insists strongly on the Japanese origin. But he cannot rely on their methodology and is suspicious of how they deal with the data the amount of which in their possession seems not sufficient enough to be handled quantitatively, as well as qualitatively. He can hardly, at present, say whether it was native to Japan, and thinks that he does not need to correct his opinion which Mr. YANAGITA should take into account.

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