In Japan, more than 200,000 children experience their parents' divorce annually. To help parents and children cope with problems that result from divorce, a psychoeducational program called Families in Transition (FAIT) has been conducted with Japanese families since 2013. The current authors have noted the importance of understanding the differences and similarities between custodial parents (CPs) and non-custodial parents (NCPs). The purpose of the current study was to examine differences and similarities between the experiences of CPs and NCPs. This study also examined how conflicts occur and ways to improve the program. Participants were 17 parents who participated in the FAIT program. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the KJ method.

　　The main findings were as follows. Both parents felt hurt and unstable after the divorce. CPs felt as if they were the victims of the divorce, and NCPs felt ignored and lonely as a result of the divorce and not being able to see their children. These emotions hampered their ability to relate to the other parent. Both parents also felt that they had not received sufficient support and information during the divorce. As a result of participating in the FAIT program, both parents felt accepted by sharing their experiences and emotions and they also learned the importance of the child's perspective. CPs changed their view towards visitation, and NCPs' emotions changed when they were treated the same as CPs. Results revealed the importance of understanding both parents' point of view and keeping a balance between sharing personal experiences and maintaining the framework of a psychoeducational program.

　本研究の目的は，第1に，離婚後の父母コペアレンティングと子どもの適応の相互関係，第2に，子どもの適応のうち「外在化問題行動」，「内在化問題行動」，「向社会的な行動」の相互関係について，交差遅延効果モデルを用いて，経時的な相互関係について検討することであった。離婚して2年未満で2―17歳の子どもと同居する母親500名に，3か月後，6か月後に追跡調査を行った。3時点のデータを用いて，交差遅延効果モデルによる分析を行った結果，「葛藤的なコペアレンティング」は，「外在化問題行動」に正の影響を及ぼし，「外在化問題行動」は「内在化問題行動」に正の影響を及ぼし，「内在化問題行動」は「向社会的な行動」に負の影響を及ぼすことが明らかになった。また，「内在化問題行動」と「向社会的な行動」の間には，互いに負の影響関係が認められた。変数相互間の関係性については，発達カスケードを踏まえて考察を行った。本研究の結果を踏まえた介入や支援への示唆として，離婚後の「葛藤的なコペアレンティング」を抑制することの重要性および子どもの「外在化問題行動」に着目することの重要性が示された。