The roentgenological techniques for the giography of monkey were described. The techniques were proved to be useful either for stereotypic analysis of the cardiovascular system or in a magnificating studies with the organ slice following the administration of the contrast media.
A live monkey should be examined by arteriopuncture under the intravenous anesthesia with pent- barbitulate. In the case of dead monkey, it was recommended to leave the body in 5°C for 48 to 72 hrs. before the application of contrast media.
The emulsified contrast media was introduced slowly into the femoral artery under a fluoroscopy.
Bucky was necessary for the better results in the roentgenography of a whole body or the trunk.
No screen expose technique was used for the better result to the individual organs.
In order to obtain a sharp picture, an enough distance for focal spot, low voltage and waek current were recommended since the exposure has not any limitation for the still object.

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本は, 腰椎骨数の異なるマウスの2近交系間の正逆交配による腰椎骨数の変化および飼養条件による腰椎骨数の変化をみるためにおこなったものである。また, 同じ材料において, ‘interfrontal bone’が見出されたので, これら2近交系およびF₁におけるその分布についても検討した。
供試マウスは, dd系, rr系およびそれらの正逆交配雑種F₁である。これらは, 出生後高および低蛋白質飼料にそれぞれ60日間飼われた後処分, 骨格標本にされ検測に供せられた。
1) dd系とrr系の腰椎骨数は, 主として前者が6, 後者が5であることがわかり, それらの正逆雑種F₁の腰椎骨数はrr系に似る傾向が認められた。
2) 飼養条件の差による各近交系およびF₁の腰椎骨数の変化は認められなかった。
3) ‘Interfrontal bonc’の分布については, dd系とrr系は同じような割合を示し, F₁にやや高い分布がみられた。
4) 飼養条件を異にした場合の‘interfrontal bone’分布については差が認められなかった。
このをおこなうにあたり, 材料の御供与と御指導を賜わつた東北大学農学部西田周作教授, 会津短大走尾一三教授に対し厚く御礼申しあげるとともに, 材科作成に関して援助下さつた東北大学森彰, 猪貴義, 武田満の諸氏に対し深く感謝の意を表する。

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DBA/Ms-c^eマウスに致死性の新しい突然変異falter (fa) が生じた。これは生後10日頃からその特徴が表われるもので, 体を左右に動揺させて直線的運動が不能となる。12日頃から急激な体重の減少を伴なって, 生後20日前後に全てのマウスは死亡する。遺伝的な調査の結果から, faは単純劣性遣伝子であり, 第I及び第IIIのいずれの連関群にも属さない。他の類似の遣伝形質と比較研究されたが, 今の所同一遺伝子と思われるものは他に見あたらない。
falterは中枢神経系, 特に運動神経系の異常た原因すると思われるが, 解剖組織学的な研究はまだなされていない。

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As a fundamental study on the relation between micrococci and animals, the biological characteristics of micrococci from laboratory animals were investigated.
Following tests, e. g., KNO₃ reduction, growth on ammonium phosphate medium, gelatine liquefaction, hemolysin production, coagulase production, and fermentation of mannitol, were carried out with 822 strains, of which 689 originated from the oral cavity, skin and feces of laboratory animals and 133 from cattle and human being.
Most of the micrococci from laboratory animals were coagulase-negative, although 50 per cent of the organisms from the oral cavity of monkey were positive.

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1. Repeated immunizations with heat-killed as well as chrome alum-treated vaccines of Salmonella enteritidis failed to produce marked immunological responses in young mice of less than 20 days old. Circulating antibody titers were found to reach high levels eventually as the animals gradually matured.
2. On the other hand, a prenatal inoculation of the vaccine administered to fetus mice evoked neither the transitory depression of immune response nor the permanent tolerance against the specific antigens.
3. Statistical analyses were made with paper electrophoresis of sera taken from young mice at various times during the first 6 weeks of life; the neonatal high gamma globulin level dropped after birth, reaching the lowest levels at 3 to 4 weeks, followed by a slow rise up to 6 weeks of age. The serum albumin contents increased significantly during the experimental period, whereas alpha plus beta globulin remained at the same low level throughout the period.
4. The fall in gamma globulin level in early life was, then, compared with the rate of disappearance of passively administered homologous antibodies. It was tentatively concluded that even though the total amount of gamma globulin was decreasing in newborns there must be a small quantity of new gammaglobulin being formed at the same time.
5. A reasonable conclusion may be that the most probable cause of the poor antibody formation in young mice can be ascribed to the immature ability of the animals to produce new gamma globulin.

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Meriones unguiculatus Kurauchii Mori were bred, and their duration of pregnancy, size of litters and some postnatal developmental changes of the young were examined. The principal results may be sum-marized briefly as follows :
1. The duration of pregnancy was found to be 24 to 26 days.
2. Average number of a litter was 4.8±0.9. The value of the first litter was the lowest.
3. The growth curve of the body weight was nearly S-shaped and in general, the female was slightly inferior to the male.
4. The tail ratio was lower than that of rats at the time of birth, but it increases remarkably during maturation.
5. As for the external developmental changes, the opening of the ear auricle and the eruption of the lower incisors occured in the period similar to rats or mice, while the opening of the eyelids was observed few days later than that of latter animals.
6. The testis descended in average on the 36 th days of age, while the vagina opened in average on the 49 th day.

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In the fall of 1956, the authors happened to recognize the occurrence of minute nodules in the livers of the mice, which were borne in their colonies. The incidence continued sporadically, until they had been able to diagnose it as the “Tyzzer's disease” in October 1958. It was presumed that the source of the contamination could already exist when the breeding of their colonies was started in 1952.
The autopsy of the infected mice revealed no significant differences in either the strains and sexes of the animal or seasonal prevalences of the disease.
Experimental infection of the mice by oral route employing the material derived from infected liver was not successful. However the intravenous inoculation accompanied with subcutaneous administration of cortisone, or the intracerebral inoculation were able to infect the mice consistently, so that the serial passage of the agent has been carried out by either route.
Histopathological changess of the infected liver and the stability of the agent in the emulsion of the infected liver were studied using both routes of inoculation.
Aureomycin, suspended and given orally in the water to the mice appeared to be somewhat effective for the prevention of the experimental infection. Among several sorts of the vaccine, prepared from the infected mouse liver, only the formalinized-concentrated one was slightly effective to protect the animal from death though it could not prevent the pathologic changes in the liver.
The detection of the potentially infected parents by the autopsy of their litters was proven to be the useful device rather than sacrificing the parents from practical point of view. Subsequently, this method was employed for the evaluation of the prophylactic effects of kureomycin and or vaccine upon the incidence of the disease among the colonies of the mice. No meaningful difference was noted between control and recipients. Eventually, the disease was completely diminished by the effort directed toward the careful detection and the successive isolation of the infected parents.

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Contaminations with various species of bacteria were occasionally observed in guinea pigs before or after the safety test of biological products.
The response in bodyweight of carrier, guinea pigs, was so irregular that it was difficult to decide on the results of test.
In the case of quiescent carrier state, such as Bord. bronchiseptica and Citrobacter infections, the increase in bodyweight of guinea pigs in the safety test was generally similar to that of normal guinea pigs, but sometimes either death or irregular growth was experienced.
In the case of furious carrier state, such as Strep. hemolyticus and S. typhi murium infections the increase in bodyweight of guinea pigs became irregular after the inoculation of biological products.
Accordingly, in the experimental study of laboratory animals, usually one must have the knowledge of ecological state of those laboratory animals.

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In regard to the fact that adrenocorticotropic and adrenocortical hormones have strong enhancing effects on inapparent and spontaneous infections of experimental animals with any pathogenic organisms, three strains of inbred mice bred in varied environmental circumstances were employed to compare the influence of cortisone administration upon the incidens of bacterial contamination. The peritoneal fluid, heart blood and other organs from inbred strains of CFW, CF#1 and C57BL/6 were tested for the isolation of bacteria. The results obtained are as follows :
1. The incidence of bacterial contamination was much higher in the group of mice bred in an original breeding colony than those bred in a proper breeding room for inbred strains regardless to the variety of the strains, either treated or ndt treated with cortisone.
2. Cortisone enhanced the susceptibility of mice against the bacterial contamination in both groups of mice.
Hence, it seemed to be useful for the detection of hidden contamination of bacteria in mice.
3. The bacterial strains isolated from the tested mice were described concerning to the variety of the species and incidences.

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From 1957 to 1958, seven salmonelle-like organisms were isolated from the lymph node of sacrificed guinea pigs, and the other one was isolated from the heart blood of a dead guinea pig.
On the basis of our antigenic study, four strains were identified as Salmonella give, two as Salmom potsdam and the remaining two as Citrobacter.
Guinea pigs and mice were examined for their vulnerability to these organisms, especially Citrobacter (strain 212) being studied in detail. It was confirmed that the experimental reproduction of the infection succeeded in mice and guinea pigs with the strain 212 but not in rabbit. In the case of mice infected with strain 212, carrier statecontinued approximately seventy days after infection.
In this connection, attention should be given on such quiescent infectious disease from the viewpoint not only of the experimental infection but also of the laboratory animal care.

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