トリオクチルアミソ(TOA,R₃N)のベンゼソ溶液によるシュウ酸水溶液(40.0±0.2℃)からのイソジウム(III)イオンの抽出挙動を種々の方法で検討し,有機相中へ抽出されたインジウム(III)化学種の組成を推定した。さらに,インジウム(III)化学種をゲル浸透クロマトグラフィーにより分取精製し,元素分析,化学分析,IRスペクトルなどによりその組成式を(R₃NH)₃ln(C₂O₄)₃と決定した。つぎに,有機相中で生成し,インジウム(III)イオン抽出において重要な役割をするTOAシュウ酸水素塩(R₃・NHHC₂0₄と表示する)について,そのべソゼソ溶液中における会合状態を蒸気圧浸透法により,分子量を測定し,分子量の濃度および温度依存性から検討した結果,R₃NHHC₂0₄は研究で用いた濃度範囲において二量体(R₃NHHC₂0₄)Eを生成し,その生成熱が約-31.8kJ・mol-1であることを見いだし,二量体(R₃NHHC₂0₄)₂の生成が水素結合によるものと推定した。また,(R₃NHHC₂0₄)₂によるインジウム(III)イオソの抽出を考察した結果,二量体による抽出反応を考えることにより,より正確にイソジウム(III)イオソ抽出を理解できると推定した。また,精製した(R₃NH)₃In(C₂0₄)₈のベンゼン溶液を用いて蒸気圧浸透法によりその分子量を測定した結果,無限希釈における分子量の値は,その式量とほぼ一致するが,ペソゼソ溶液中で(R₃NH)₃ln(C₂CO₄)₃は二量体を生成していると結論できる.

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中国の民間宗教が多様な姿を持つことに, 研究者は多くの関心を払ってきた。本稿ではフリードマン等が提示した中国社会の統一性と多様性に関する命題から, その全体的な姿を理解する手掛を示した。中国の民間宗教には宗族の祖先祭祀や廟の祭祀の他に, 歴代の朝延から弾圧され続けた民間宗教集団のものがある。宗教集団を構成する絆は師弟が結ぶ個人的な関係より他はなく, 宗教集団は師弟の絆を越えた実在を持つことができなかった。この構造においては, 伝統的な宗教権威は継承され難く, 集団の統一は頭目のカリスマ的実力に頼らざるを得ない。中国の民間宗教集団の活動には, 「伝統型」「分派型」「自唱型」の3つの位相がある。教義・組織・活動の範例として大きな影響力を持ったのは, 「伝統型」の位相の集団である。しかしこの位相の集団も教首の法燈を守るのは容易でなく, 幾代もつづいて継承されたのはごく少数であった。その存在は神格化されて広く一般民衆の中に流布した。教派の具体的な姿は, 幾多の「分派型」がくり返し出現する中に新しく更新されていった。中国の民間宗教を全体的に理解するには, 宗族と村廟の祭祀に加えて, こうした宗教集団の活動をも重ね合わせて透視することが必要であろう。中国社会の構造原理を解明する上でも, 欠かすことのできない問題である。

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古代中国社会は身分関係の厳しい封建社会である.このような身分関係は多かれ少なかれことばの運用に反映される.『礼記』(前1世紀)の中で,身分の異なる人の死についてそれぞれ異なる表現を使い分けるように規定している.本論文は『史記』(前1世紀)を対象として死亡を表すさまざまな異形と指示対象の社会的身分との関係,および言語変異に影響を与える他の社会的要因などについて考察した.そして,『礼記』の言語規範と『史記』の言語運用との間の違いについて検証を行なった.

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A dental health survey was conducted on the population of Hongo-mura lacking any facility for dental care, and the results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. Socio-economic status : In spite of relatively poor economic status of the community as compared with the nation-wide average and the resulting lack of dental health service for the inhabitants, the dental hygienic status proved not so bad as may be anticipated. 2. Deciduous teeth shedding : Shedding occurred earlier in the female than in the male in Hongo-mura inhabitants. However, shedding in this population occurred later than in the comparable population of Tokuyama city, earlier than in Tonoi-mura population, and approximately at the same age stages with Yoshikawa-mura population. 3. Eruption of permanent teeth : Eruption of permanent teeth occurred earlier in the female than in the male. However, with both sexes the eruption was retarded in this population than in Tokuyama population, but accerelated than in Tonoi-mura and Yoshikawa-mura populations. 4. Average number of d.f.t. : There was found no significant difference between both sexes of the population in this respect. The number of d.f.t. in the population, however, was greater than that in Tokuyama population and smaller than those in Tonoi-mura and Yoshikawa-mura populations. 5. Average number of D.T. : The female had greater number of D.T than the male in this population. Comparison revealed no significant difference in the number of D.T between the present population and those of Isshakuya village and Shimonoseki city. 6. Average number of M.T. : There was no significant sex difference, nor was there any difference between the present population and that of Isshakuya village in this respect. Shimonoseki population had more missing teeth than the present population. 7. Average number of F.T. : The female member had more filled teeth than the male. However the present population had less F.T. as compared with Isshakuya and Shimonoseki populations. 8. Average number of D.M.F.T. : The female had more D.M.F.T. than the male of the present population, but the latter had less D.M.F.T. as compared with Tokuyama city, Tonoi-mura, Yoshikawa-machi, Isshakuya village and Shimonoseki city populations. 9. Ratio of Σ.F.T. versus Σ.D.M.F.T. : There was no sex difference in the ratio. However, the ratio with the present population including both sexes was lower than those with Isshakuya village and Shimonoseki city populations. 10. Average D.M.F.T. index : The female showed higher value than the male. However, the index for the present population including both sexes was lower than that for Yoshikawa-machi population, and approximately the same with that for Isshakuya village and Shimonoseki populations. It was concluded that the tooth health status of Hongo-mura population was excellent as compared with Tokuyama city, Tomoi-mura and Yoshikawa-machi populations, but slightly inferior than that of Shimonoseki city and Isshaknya village populations.

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The formation of a new policy-making organ called the Neichao 内朝 during the reign of Former Han Emperor Wudi (135-89 BC) has drawn the attention of many researchers as being very significant in both the development of the period's political history in general and its bureaucratic system in particular. However, although these researchers agree that the situation prior to Wudi's reign continued, they have not sufficiently clarified its connection to the newly formed Neichao. If, indeed, such a connection existed, that would become the starting point for discussing the Neichao's formation. In that case, attention would have to be focused on the close relationship of the imperial palace to the formation of the Neichao, focusing particularly on the various officials active within the palace. It is in this vein that the present article attempts to clarify the connection between the offices of Langguan 郎官 (imperial bodyguards) and Taifu 大夫 (imperial advisers) appointed to the Lang-, zhongling 郎中令 (renamed Guangluxun 光禄勲 by Wudi), which supervised the palace under the pre-Wudi regime, and the offices of Shizhong 侍中 and Jishizhong, 給事中, close imperial advisers who made up the newly formed Neichao. All four of these offices had many similarities in terms of personal background, how they came to be appointed and their duties, while their major difference was how close each was to the person of the emperor. Therefore, from the structure formed according to each official's level of intimacy with and treatment by the emperor in terms of the relative distance from him, the author notices a pecking order principle at work there. During the earlier half of the Former Han period, there was no great division of labor among the palace bureaucracy, but it gradually became more differentiated and stratified. It is within the context of this specialization process that the formation of the Neichao should be understood. That is to say, during the reign of Wudi, new routes to the appointment of Langguan were opened to, for example, regional examinees with the grade of xiaolian 孝廉 for exemplary filial piety and integrity, thus significantly increasing the office's ranks. Consequently, the role of Languan in "cultivating personal ties with the emperor" declined, forcing reforms to be made in the palace's internal security system. Furthermore, the selection of the top advisers in the Neichao from among the Langguan and Taifu resulted in a further stratification of the emperor's entourage.

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