本稿の目的は，貧困問題について階層論的議論（階層論的貧困論）に終始することの弊害を論じつつ，階級論的視点をもった議論（階級論的貧困論）の重要性について明らかにしていくことである．「階層論的議論に終始する」とは，貧困問題をめぐる議論において「資本–賃労働関係」の視点を含まない態度のことを示している．本稿で論じる階層論的貧困論に終始することの弊害とは，①貧困の自己責任論を批判できないこと，②資本による「統治」の論理に抵抗できず，むしろこれを助長すること，③資本に有利な価値規範を相対化することができず，むしろこれを助長すること，などである．これに対して，階級論的貧困論は，資本による「統治」に対抗可能な視点を提示し，資本に有利な価値規範を相対化するための理路をひらくものとなっている．またそれらの可能性を議論展開することは，貧困問題の根本的な撲滅に向けた社会運動への貢献にもつながる．

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MEGA II 4.2 contains the first Manuscript of Marx on "Capital VolumeIII" edited by Engels (Engels Edition). In the Manuscript, the parts of 25^<th> chapter to 35^<th> chapter of "Capital VolumeIII" (Engels Edition) are the delineation of the chain and Marx wrote 5)in the beginning of this part. In the part 5) Marx wrote I ), II ) and III) in the places which correspond to the beginning of 28^<th> chapter, 29^<th> chapter and 30^<th> chapter of Engels Edition respectively. Then what is the main theme of the part 5) in Marx's Manuscript. Until recently, it has been believed to be credit system theory or banking credit theory according to Engels Edition. But when the Manuscript is read, we can understand that the main theme of the part 5) is the form and the movement of interest bearing capital under the credit system, in other words moneyed capital theory. Especially most important theme is "Money-Capital and Real Capital" in part III)(30^<th> chapter to 35^<th> chapter of Engels Edition). This argument is a treasure house of theory to analyze the present capitalism, especially the latest "Financialization". But the study on the theme of "Money-Capital and Real Capital" has been insufficient. What is the reason of this state? Firstly it needs understanding the thought of Marx on Crisis and Industrial Cycle to understand "Money-Capital and Real Capital". We find it in Part III of "Capital Volume III"-namely "The Law of the Tendency of the Rate of Profit to Fall". While in most cases this law has been misunderstood or has been disregarded by most economists. Secondary traditional "Credit Creation Theory" is entirely disparate with Marx's theory. It is impossible to understand the content of "Money-Capital and Real Capital" from that point of view. We would like to expect that many economists get over these issues and research Marx's Manuscript without bias.

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The entire contents of K. Marx's Manuscript of Capital have been revealed thorough the completion of MEGA II. This occurrence marks a new epoch of advanced research. That is to say that this makes it possible to precisely understand the theoretical contents of Capital and to consider them. In particular, we have to pay attention to the first Manuscript of Capital Volume III(MEGA II/4.2)as the release of MEGA II revealed that some statements and paragraphs were deleted and re-arranged by F. Engels and furthermore that he had made up the several titles and sections. As such, thanks to MEGA II, we can now read Marx's own descriptions more directly and correctly. The aim of this paper is to clearly grasp the main theme and theoretical contents of K. Marx's manuscript of Capital Volume III Part three, "The Law of the Tendential Fall in the Rate of Profit", by examining the crisis analysis. Through this process, this paper will analyze the relation between it and manuscript of Capital Volume III Part five, "The Division of Profit into Interest and Profit of Enterprise". In this paper, I will mainly argue the following three points. This paper will firstly reveal new aspects of the theoretical contents of the manuscript of Capital Volume III Part three acquired by MEGA. This is required since Engels's editing work has complexified Marx's analysis, and this caused unnecessary misunderstanding. Secondly, this paper will examine the main theme of manuscript of Capital Volume III Part three and the crisis analysis within this. There are mainly three conflicting positions regarding the understanding of this analysis in the Part three Chapter 15; the first one is called the theory of "an absolute overproduction of capital" which is pointed out by Uno [1974] and the second position refers to the "overproduction of commodities" discussed by Imura [1984] and thirdly, Tomizuka [1975] pointed out "the antinomic character" of these two theoretical statements. The common feature among these three positions is that they analyzed crisis within the sphere of which the law of the tendential fall in the rate of profit is not basically related to moments of crisis. However, strictly following Marx's view, these positions are not examined in such ways since the main theme throughout the entire manuscript of Capital Volume III Part three is on "the law of the tendential fall in the rate of profit" and Marx scrutinizes the moments of crisis through this law. Marx also does not regard a causal or conflicting relation between "an absolute overproduction of capital" and "overproduction of commodities". In order to understand, it is necessary to strictly follow through the manuscript and examine how Marx analyzed crisis, regarding the law of the tendential fall in the rate of profit as in the manuscript of Capital Volume III Part three. Finally, this paper will examine the relation between the manuscript of Capital Volume III Part three and its fifth part. Since the relations between these two parts have not thus far been clarified in existing research, I will examine these relations with a view to disentangling them.

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The entire contents of K. Marx's credit theory have been released thorough the completion of the manuscript Capital Volume III (MEGA II/4.2). It is now clear that Engels edited Capital Volume III Part five, changing the titles, sections and statements originally written by Marx and these modifications certainly created unnecessary ob fuscations for readers. Moreover, because the manuscript Capital Volume III Part five is one of the most difficult parts of Capital Volume III, there are parts that the previous researchers could not understand and hence failed to comprehend the main theme and logic of Marx's writing. So in this paper, I will develop the main theme of Marx's credit theory, based on the manuscript Capital Volume III Part five. This paper will focus on the following issues. We will look at some advanced Japanese research of Marx's credit theory, focusing especially on a series of Otani's (1988-2005) contributions. The view that Capital Volume III Part five is constructed from two parts -the "theory of Interest-Bearing Capital" and the "theory of the credit/banking system"- is generally shared by conventional research. However, after closely examining Marx's original manuscript and translating its entirety into Japanese, Otani revealed in particular the following point; the main subject of the latter part which they thought explained the "theory of the credit system" is not a direct analyzes about the credit system itself. Although Marx certainly outlines the credit/banking system at the beginning of 5) (corresponding to Chapters 25 and 27 in Engels' edition) after examining the concept of interest-bearing capital in 1)-4) (corresponding to Chapter 21-24), this was not the continuous main theme. On the premise of understanding the credit system, "monied capital" which moves under the credit system and the monetary markets mainly was analyzed in I) (Chapter 28), II) (Chapter 29) and III) (Chapters 30-35) which are the main issue of 5). The main theme of the latter part is not "the analysis of the credit/banking system itself", but "the analysis of monied capital under the credit system"; as such, this is the "theory of monied capital". This paper builds upon the research done by Otani whose work was based on the manuscript. Although one might expect the newly published manuscript would have advanced research, I have yet to see a great academic advancement since the research done by Otani. It appears this is a result of researchers seemingly having not understood where the core of Marx's credit theory is and therefore not able to develop the contexts. As above, though the subject of 5) is "the analysis of monied capital under the credit system", the theoretical core is especially focusing on, "the analysis of the accumulation of monied capital in relation to the accumulation of real capital", the issue of which is set up at the beginning of III), and this is considered as being among, "the incomparable difficult questions". Though Marx analyses this problem under the industrial cycle (business cycle), it has not been well clarified in the hitherto research. Thus, in this paper, I will present the distinctive points of Marx's credit theory, through clarifying the content of especially III) of the manuscript Capital Volume III Part five.

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The aim of this paper is to analyze the relation between the law of the tendential fall in the general rate of profit and crisis, based on K. Marx's manuscript of Capital Volume III Part three (MEGA II/4.2). As is generally known, there are many controversies about the law of the tendential fall in the general rate of profit considered by Capital Volume III Part three. Especially the arguments have been done within the relation between crisis and "an absolute overproduction of capital" and also "overproduction of commodities", which is depicted in the Part three Chapter 15. One main argument is pointed out by Uno [1974a] who understands crisis from the point of "an absolute overproduction of capital" occurred by a rise in wages. Another key point is discussed by Imura [1984] who explains crisis based on "overproduction of commodities" after rejecting the concept of "an absolute overproduction of capital" as "an extreme hypothesis". Finally Tomituka [1975] mentioned because "these two concepts simultaneously have the antinomic character" they should be understood in an integrated sphere. However, as far as I am concerned, the most significant problem that is common to their arguments, would be that these are dealt with within the area that the law of the tendential fall in the general rate of profit are not basically relating to the moments of crisis. These common views are shown by their thoughts that the law should be separated from the description of crisis in Chapter 15, as the subject of the Chapter 15 should not be understood "Development of the Law's Internal Contradictions", but "'Development of Inner Contradictions' of the capitalist production in the development of the productivity and the progress of the capital accumulation" or "Development of Inner Contradictions of the method of capitalist production" (Imura [1984] p.193, Uno [1974a] p.170, Tomituka [1994] p.79). In other words, even though the disputants admit the law, the generally accepted opinion within hitherto studies is that the law does not have an impact on crisis and the industrial cycle in the short term but only fanctions in the long term. So the arguments have been done over the account of the crisis in Chapter 15 on the premises that the law does not have a direct relation to crisis. As the original manuscript of Capital Volume III Part three was released, it is now clear that some statements and paragraphs were removed and moved around respectively by F. Engels and even he made up all of the titles and sections. In order to discuss the relation between the law of the tendential fall in the general rate of profit and crisis, we should carefully reconsider the concept of "an overproduction of capital" which is one of the significant focus points. In a separate account from "an absolute overproduction of capital" there is a statement about "real overproduction of capital (die wirkliche Ueberproduction von Capital)" in the original draft. Interestingly in this text Marx recognises "an absolute overproduction of capital" not as "an extreme hypothesis" as Imura [1984] mentioned, but as a real possible situation. Morover, there is an original statement about "a rise in wages" as the moment of crisis, relating to "an absolute overproduction of capital", too. In this paper, on the basis of the above arguments which should be reconsidered based on the original manuscript, it will demonstrate how Marx grasped the logical relation between the law of the tendential fall in the general rate of profit and crisis.

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