Emile Habiby (1921-1996) is one of the most prominent writers in modern Arabic literature. Born in Haifa, the main industrial city on the Mediterranean coast of northern Palestine, he never left his beloved native city even after the foundation of Israel in 1948, and persisted in staying there until his death, struggling as statesman, journalist and novelist for the rights of Palestinians. This essay traces the modern history of Haifa alongside Habiby's course of life to confirm the significance that staying in Haifa had on his life and literary activity. Since Haifa became the stage of most of his novels like "Sixology of Six Days", "The Secret Life of Saeed the Pessoptimist", "Ikhtayye" and "Saraya, The Orge's Daughter", all of these important works are reviewed here with the special emphasis on the relationship between the author and the city, and his painful effort to recall and preserve the collective memory of both the Arab residents and of the city itself.

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意味が近似的に等価な言語表現の異形を言い換えと言う. 言い換え技術とは, 所与の言語表現からその言い換えを生成する言い換え生成技術, および所与の言語表現対が言い換え関係にあるか否かを判定する言い換え認識技術の総称である. これらの技術は, 機械翻訳の前編集や読解支援のための文章簡単化, 質問応答や複数文書要約など, 様々な応用に貢献する応用横断的なミドルウェア技術になると期待されており, 近年研究者の関心を集めてきた.本論文では, こうした言い換え技術について, 工学的研究を中心に近年の動向を紹介する. 具体的には, 言い換えの定義や言い換え技術の応用可能性について論じた後, 構造変換による言い換え生成, 質問応答・複数文書要約のための言い換え認識に関する研究を概観し, 最後に言い換え知識の自動獲得に関する最新の研究動向を紹介する.

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