Jyonei-den, located in the center of Kou-kyu, was primarily built for the Empress's private life in the Heian-Dairi. At the beginning of the Heian period Jyonei-den was used as a building for the Empress's or Empress Dowager's private life, and the Emperor very rarely took his residence at Jyonei-den. After the reign of the Emperor Daigo, however, Kouki-den or Hikyo-sha took the place of Jyonei-den as a building for the Empress's or Empress Dowager's private life. Jyonei-den rebuilt in the middle and late Heian period was used mainly as Gosechi-dokoro. The form of Jyonei-den in the early Heian period seems to have been comparatively well followed by those rebuilt in the middle and late Heian period. The original Jyonei-den was built on the platform. Its main building, 9 ken in keta-yuki and 4 ken in hari-yuki in plane size, had Mago-bisashi on the south side or on both the north and south sides. This style of Jyonei-den was nearly followed by those rebuilt in 961, 1100 and 1157. As for the construction of the interior space of Jyonei-den in the early Heian period, Hino-omashimicho was placed in the east section of Moya (the main part of the building) with the central bay, or Gaku-no-ma. Yoru-no-otodo is supposed to have been placed in the west section of the main building. This style of construction of the interior space was followed by Jyonei-den rebuilt in 961. When Jyonei-den in the Heian-Dairi was rebuilt in 981, Me-do (a corridor) was made to run through the Gaku-no-ma, the center of Jyonei-den, north and south. From the records in those days it has come to be proved that on the west side of Me-do Jyonei-den had a room called Nuri-gome in which Cho-dai was laid for the purpose of Chodai-no-kokoromi on Go-sechi, and that another Cho-dai was set in the section of Moya on the east side of Me-do. These can safely be considered to have transmitted Yoru-no-otodo (Nuri-gome), Yoruno-otodo-chodai, and Hino-omashi-chodai, with which Jyonei-den was furnished at the beginning of the Heian period. From the description of Unzu-shou and Kouke-shidai, it is also comfirmed that Jyonei-den rebuilt in 1100 followed this style of construction of the interior space. From the facts mentioned above, it may be said that we can know much about the original form of Jyonei-den from the plan described in Unzu-shou. Especially it would be worthy of note that the room, 3 ken in keta-yuki and 4 ken in hari-yuki, on the west of Me-do in that plan is much alike in form to the central large room of Jijuden in Heian Dairi, and supposed to have taken over the form of Yoru-no-otodo of Jyonei-den in the early Heian period.

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The original Heian-Dairi (the Imperial residence in Heian capital) built in 794 was first destroyed by fire in 960. Dr. MASARU SEKINO once made a special study of the original structure of Shishinden of Heian-Dairi, on the basis of records kept before the fire in 960, and showed that the state of Shishinden, which was supposed to have been original by their records, was no different from what was described in the Daidairi-Zu-Kosho (Studies on the architecture of the Imperial palace in Heian capital). He also showed that we could know much about the original state of Shishinden from it. His study is based on the premise that Shishinden had not been remodeled fundamentally before 960. But his premise seems to require close examinations. This paper is intended to show where the problems are, by reexamining the records of refairs of Heian-Dairi from 794 to 960. What are examined in this paper (Part 1) are the records from 794 to 876. 1. Heian-Dairi underwent repairs in 816, 837, and 842. Each repairs extended over several months. 2. During fifteen years from 850 to 865, Togu and Reizei-In instead of Dairi were used as the Emperor's residence. Therefore most of the affairs of the state were conducted there, not in Dairi. Meanwhile, it is on record that Seiryoden was moved to Kasho Ji temple in 851, and Jijuden to Miyi Dera temple in 859. Besides, Jyoneiden is reported to have been used as the Daigen-Hou (Buddhist ceremony) Hall from 852 to 865. From these data it can be assumed that a great change was brought about in Heian-Dairi in that period. In November, 865, the Emperor Seiwa took up his residence in Jijuden, Heian-Dairi. Before that Heian-Dairi is supposed to have undergone repairs with the reconstruction of Seiryoden and Jijuden, but that is yet to be confirmed. From the records in the Sandai-Jitsuroku and the Seiji-Yoryaku, it may be said that large-scale works were carried out from 863 to 65 by Mokuryo (a government agency for managing building and repairing of the Imperial palace). If they were connected with the reconstruction of Seiryoden and Jijuden, there is a good possibility that the other buildings of Heian-Dairi, such as Shishinden, might have been repaired, too, at that time.

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The aim of this paper is to show whether Shishinden of Heian-Dairi, built in 794, had kept most of the original structures without going through any substantial remodeling until the first fire in 960, by the re-examination of records related to the repairs of Heian-Dairi from 794 to 960. In this paper, Part II, the records of repairs of Heian-Dairi which were undergone after 876 are examined. The results obtained from this study are as follows. 1. Heian-Dairi underwent repairs in 816, 832, and 842. Each repairs extended over several months. 2. There is a good possibility that large-scale repairs of Heian-Dairi were undergone from 863 to 65, including the reconstruction of Seiryoden and Jijuden. 3. The interior of Shishinden might be furnished at the end of the 9th century. 4. The following are chief records from the end of the 9th century to 960 related to the repairs of Heian-Dairi : the destruction of Shigeisha in 915, the repairs of Seiryoden in 931, the repairs of Ryokiden and Unmeiden in 938, the destruction of Kokiden in 944, the reconstruction of Seiryoden in 948. Those repairs or reconstruction seem to have been limited to the respective buildings only, and they have not been extended to all over the Heian-Dairi. From the facts mentioned above, studies on the architecture of the Heian-Dairi in the early period require consideration from at least two distinct periods-before and after 865.

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This study traces the change process of the function of Kita-no-Tai, Tainoya on the north side of the central Shinden in the aristocratic residences. By this study I tried to indicate that the process shows tendency to create a private and an independent living space in the post imperial era. The treatise is organized in the following manner : Introduction Chap. 1 Kita-no-Tai in the Sekkan period. (1) Kita-no-Tai for the emperor's place. (2) Kita-no-Tai with other usage. Chap.2 Kita-no-Tai in the post imperial period. (1) The change of the function of Kita-no-Tai in the Satodairi. (2) Kita-no-Tai for the Nyobo-Tsubone (the room for court ladies). Conclusion

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The architecture of Jiju-den in the Heian-Dairi rebuilt in the middle and late Heian period has been examined in Part 1. Part 2 examines Jiju-den in the early Heian period. 1) The plan of Jiju-den before the first destruction by the fire in 960 is supposed to have been well followed by those rebuilt in 961, 1100 and 1157. It may be said that from these we can know much about the original form of Jiju-den used as a building for the Emperor's private life, for Jiju-den in the late Heian period had extremely residential type of constructions in its interior space. 2) In Part 1 the present writer has shown the inferred plan of Jiju-den in the Heian-Dairi in the late Heian period. In that plan it is supposed that the central large room, 3 ken in keta-yuki and 4 ken in hari-yuki, in the main building followed the form of Yoru-no-otodo (a bed room for the emperor), contained by Jiju-den in the early Heian period, and that Hi-no-omashi (the emperor's seat in the daytime) would be placed in the next room on the east side to the central room, 2 ken in keta-yuki and 4 ken in hari-yuki, at that time. Of the three small rooms in the west part next to the central large room, the south one, 2 ken in keta-yuki and 1 ken in hari-yuki is presumed to have been Nenju-no-ma in which Sei-kannon, the principal image of Kannon-ku, was enshrined. The 2 ken square room on the north of it might probably have been used as Emperor's private room, or Tsune-no-gosho, like Fujitsubo-no-ue of Seiryo-den in the Heian-Dairi. Probably the Emperor would have come into this room when he was served with Kannon-ku. 3) It is supposed that at the beginning of the Heian period the Kita-magobisashi of Jiju-den would have been divided into a few small rooms which were used as Yu-dono (bathroom), Kawaya-dono (rest room), etc, but the Minami-magobisashi, the Higashi-bisashi and Nishi-bisashi would not have been divided into any small rooms.

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"Honogotoki-itchoya" had the symmetrical composition. It means the ideal type of Shinden Style Residence. The original from of Shinden Style Residence was found in The composition which was formed by four buildings (Jiju-den, Ryoki-den, Seiryo-den and Jonei-den) of Heijo Imperial Palace.

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This paper intends to survey the functions and the formations of Qian-dian (前殿) of Imperial Palace in China from the Han to the Sui and Tang ages, and to show the histories of Zen-den (前殿) of ancient Imperial Palace in Japan, as well as its architectural characteristics, by comparing the functions and the formations of Zen-den with those of Qian-dian in China.

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