This paper identifies the “randori” of Meiji Era as the middle stage between the “randori” of modern Jujutsu centering on “binding” and its technical integration into the present Judo centering on “throwing”, and discusses the formative process and developments of the “randori” by schools of Jujutsu in Meiji Era and the “randori” waza in Kodokan Judo.
In Jujutsu world in the 20s of Meiji, as Kodokan developed, there occurred a competition between it and schools of Jujutsu. Both groups competed with each other in technique for external matches, and “randori” waza was systematized and technically developed for the purpose of matches. That is, the technique to kill or bind which schools of Jujutsu had was changed into “randori” suitable for external matches. As a result of this change, various Jujutsu techniques were integrated into Kodokan Judo, which was superior to Jujutsu in “randori”.

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The purpose of this study is to research about the usage of a symbol of Geom “劔” in the books of Korean martial arts which was written in Choson Yi dynasty, and to mention about that the background of the usage in Korea. There are two types of symbols to describe a sword. One of them is Geom “劔” that means as a sword with double edges. Another one is Do “刀” that means as a sword with a single edge. We focused on it and analyzed the descriptions in the books. We also researched about the background of these issues and found some of circumstances in the Korean history. The conclusions of this study are as below.
1. Some of the techniques of a sword with a single edge in the books of Korean martial arts were taken from the book named Ji-Xiao-Xin-Shu “紀效新書” that was written in Ming dynasty China. To describe the techniques of a sword with a single edge, the symbol of Do “刀” was used in the Ji-Xiao-Xin-Shu in Ming dynasty China; however, the same kind of techniques were described with the symbol of Geom“劔” in the Korean martial arts books. Ji-Xiao-Xin-Shu was also published in Choson Yi dynasty, then the technique of a sword with a single edge was described with the symbol of Geom “劔”.
2. Mye-jebo “武藝諸譜” is one of the books of Korean martial arts. The usage of a symble of Geom “劔” in Mye-jobo effected to the usages in the other Korean martial arts books.
3. The usage of the symbol of Geom “劔” for a sword with a single edge was found in some of books about Korean courtesy rituals that were written in the middle of the 15th century.
4. A single edged sword called Geom “劔” was wore in the early times of Korean courtesy rituals. We think that the custom influenced the usage of a symbol of Geom “劔” in the books of Korean martial arts.
5. We also think that some of the traditional idea that was related to the symbol of Geom “劔” in Tang, Sung China, and ancient Korea influenced the usage of a symbol of Geom “劔” in the books of Korean martial arts.

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