About 320 Sumõ wrestler appricants were divided into two groups a superior group (Makushita and Sandanme class) and an inferior group (Jonidan class and below, and quitter), according to their rank after ten series of matches. Comparison was made between both groups in regard to the distribution of their body measurements with the following results:
No difference: Stature, Chest breadth, Chest depth, Bi-iliac diameter.
Slight difference: Neck girth, Shoulder breadth, Chest girth, Maximum breadth of hips, Maximum girth of forearm, Maximum girth of thigh, Maximum girth of calf.
Obvious difference: Umblical girth, Girth of upper arm (stretched), Girth of upper arm (bent), Epicondylial breadth of forearm, Epicondylial breadth of lower leg.
The items of obvious difference are important as the factor of the fitness of the Sumo-wrestler (Makuuchi), it seems that chest depth is an essential factor.
The loewest limit of the measurements of applicants morphologically fit to be good Sumõ-wrestler are estimated and recorded in the text.

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昭和49年夏季4日間, 冬季3日間の2回, 両国の1相撲部屋において力士の食生活の実態を調査した。対象力士は階層により3名ずつの3グループ計9名として, 期間中喫食した食事, 間食, 飲料のすべてについて食品の摂取量, 摂取栄養量を調べた。
1. 1日の平均エネルギー摂取量は十両以上の関取で4,500Cal, 幕下4,360Cal, 養成の初期にあたるグループでは約4,000Calであった。
2. 穀類とくに米と魚, 肉, その他の野菜の摂取量が大きく, 緑黄色野菜と果実類の摂取が少なかった。
3. 摂取栄養量として不足がみられたのはカルシウムとビタミンA, ビタミンB2でとくにビタミンAの不足が大きい。グループではさらにこれらの不足が大きい。

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初級日本語クラスにおいて、2016年秋学期から「日本語番付」という相撲をメタファーとしたゲーミフィケーションを導入し、学習者の教室外での日本語使用の活性化を図る試みを行っている。これは、日本語での会話やSNSへの投稿など、教室外で日本語を使用することによってポイントが獲得でき、獲得ポイント数に応じて番付が上昇するというものである。 　本研究では2018 年春学期までの4セメスターに渡りこのゲーミフィケーションを行い、その効果と課題を考察した。学期末に行った学習者へのアンケートと半構造化インタビューからは、ゲーミフィケーションに対する高い満足度とともに、教室外での日本語使用量の有意な増加や地域のイベントへの積極的な参加などが見られたケースもあったが、満足度や取り組み方は学習者やクラスによって差が大きく、ゲーミフィケーションにほとんど参加しない学習者や、そもそもゲーミフィケーションを必要としない学習者も見受けられ、課題を残す結果となった。

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We treated eighteen cases of acromioclavicular joint dislocation in sumo wrestlers from 1982 to 2000. Their profile, methods of treatment, the number of absent season and the change of the ranking were examined. There were eighteen cases (Tossy's classification grade 2: eight cases, grade 3: ten cases). All eighteen cases were male. On average, their age was 19.5 years old, their experienced period was 3.0 years, their height was 180 cm and their weight was 120 kg. Their ranking were as follows: four cases were third division, two cases were fourth division, seven cases were fifth division and five cases were sixth division. Acromioclavicular joint dislocation accounted for 0.5 % in all sumo wrestlers injuries (18/3648). Operations were performed in five cases. Three cases were operated with modified Neviaser procedure. One case was operated with Dewar procedure. Another one case was operated with unknown method. Four of these five cases had escaped from the ring for one tournament after their operation and one case had escaped for two tournaments. Four cases continued sumo wrestling for 10.4 years on average(9.112.2 years). One case retired eight months after the operation. In thirteen conservative treatment cases, three cases had escaped from the ring for one tournament and the other ten cases did not escape. In the following tournament after the injury, four cases (grade 3: two cases, grade 2: two cases) promoted in their ranking and six cases (grade 3: two cases, grade 2: four cases) demoted in their ranking. Six cases returned to the same ranking or a better one than before the injury for four tournaments on average (two-six tournaments). Three cases ( grade 3: two cases, grade 2: one case) retired between two and five tournaments after injury. The operative treatment is recommended for grade 3 for sumo wrestlers and conservative treatment is recommended for a grade 2acromioclavicular joint dislocation.

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本発表は70年代に現役時代を送った元力士の聞き取りをもとに、2つの視点から発表を行う。まずは当時の、番付による序列、入門時期による序列が色濃く反映された大部屋の相撲部屋の様子を明らかにすることで、当時の相撲社会、相撲文化がどうであったかを読み解く。次に、元力士の引退後の活動に着目し、各界から去った彼らがどのように相撲部屋と関わり、相撲文化を築き上げているのかに関しての考察を行う。

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I have been applying the sumo-themed gamification "Nihongo Banzuke" in my Japanese class since 2016 Fall Semester to motivate my students. This gamification allows students to level up as sumo wrestlers by earning points from tasks they complete inside and outside of the classroom. According to my survey, it succeeded in motivating a few students and making them more interested in Japanese culture. However, a significant gap remained between engaged students and disengaged students' level of commitment to the game. In 2017 Spring Semester, I modified some elements of the game and examined how it affected students' motivation and their learning strategies.

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江戸時代以来の伝統を、競技そのものにとどまらず風俗、習慣にまで色濃く留めている大相撲は、日本文化の面でも大いに魅力的な存在である。しかし時代も大きく変わり、若返りを繰り返してきた力士の生活環境、行動まで昔のままとは当然考えられない。彼らとて一般庶民と同じように現代人であるからである。力士たちが頭にのせているマゲに合わせて、着物で公式の場に登場しているのはよく知られているが、その日常生活における着衣は、和服一辺倒とは言い切れないものがある。本稿はそんな現代力士の「衣」に注目して、下着から着物まで調査と分析を試みる。そして相撲界における衣生活の歴史と礼法の基本を検証することで、最近乱れがちと識者より指摘を受けている彼らの「着装」に警鐘を鳴らすと同時に、将来も和服とともに生きていくであろう大相撲力士による正しい伝統の継承に大きな期待を託し、その今後に注目していこうとするものである。

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Although Japan is becoming multicultural, as is evident in the country’s growing number of foreign migrants; racist policies, and racial slurs persist. Japan had expected to host a large number of foreign visitors during the 2020 Tokyo Olympics and Paralympics. Although these events have been postponed until the summer of 2021, due to the ongoing Coronavirus pandemic, such events allow for reflective inquiry into Japan’s foreign population as it relates to the Japanese sense of national identity.

In order to participate in the Olympic Games, some mixed-race athletes have relinquished their Japanese nationality and opted for their non-Japanese parent’s nationality. These athletes actively pursue their goals of participating in their own chosen sport. In addition, in recent years, a growing number of foreign migrants have contributed to Japanese sports by becoming professional sumo wrestlers. Finally, this paper explores current Japanese laws and ordinances that restrict and ban the hate speech of the far-right organizations, which target racial minorities. Such proactive laws and ordinances require wider support to eliminate discrimination, thereby putting an end to the structural violence, which surrounds migrant communities.

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  This paper focuses on the position of “Ju-ken” matches and their promoter, Kenji Kano, in Japanese boxing history. A “Ju-ken” match was a match between a judoist and a boxer, and such bouts were held from the middle of the Taisho era to the early Showa era in Kobe, Tokyo and Osaka. The main organizer of these matches was the “International Ju-ken club”, whose owner Kenji Kano was the nephew of Jigoro Kano. This study divides the history of Ju-ken into three periods, each with respective features.
  The first period was from October 1919 to April 1921. Ju-ken at this time was intended to reform judo into a competitive sport through fighting with boxing. Although judo had been well established at that time, it was facing a challenge due to loss of its spirit and form as a martial art during the process of sportification. Jigoro Kano, the founder of Judo, was unhappy with this change. By studying boxing, karate, aikido, stick fighting and other martial arts, he aimed at creating a ‘Martial Art Judo’. His nephew Kenji Kano pursued martial art-oriented judo as well, but his approach to reconstructing judo as a martial art was through mixed martial arts games, the “Ju-ken match”.
  The middle period was from May 1921 to March 1925, when Ju-ken evolved into a spectator sport that encapsulated the struggle for superiority in terms of nationality and ethnicity. Because Kodokan prohibited their members from participating in any mixed-martial arts match from April 1921, Ju-ken became a spectator sport. In addition, after charity matches following the Great Kanto Earthquake, in order to bring more excitement to the game, Ju-ken heightened the opposition and rivalry based on the nationalities and ethnicities of the athletes.
  The final period was from April 1925 to August 1931, when Ju-ken changed into a show that was intended to provoke nationalistic emotions among the audience. After the development of “normal” boxing, Ju-ken held normal boxing matches in their games and adopted new boxing-like rules. These new rules and the point systems put foreign boxers at a disadvantage when fighting against Japanese judoists, ensuring that Japanese would always defeat foreigners.
  Finally, through assimilation of knowledge and focusing on boxing, this study argues that Ju-ken matches created a background for localization of modern boxing in Japan.

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