Taking a general survey of past research which considers ethnic groups in the Liu-chao 六朝 period, many monographs regard a distinction between Man 蛮 (non-Chinese who live in the middle and south of China) and Han 漢 (Chinese) as a clear matter, however, for the Liu-chao period, this distinction is essentially ambiguous. Of course, there are some scholars who have recognized this ambiguity. However, their attention has been mainly concentrated on the classification of Man and Han, and their attention to the people who fall on the boundary between the two ethnic groups is only secondary. Therefore, their views are dualistic in nature, and they are concerned with the problem of designating ethnic groups as Man or Han. Such a viewpoint makes it very difficult to comprehend Shan-Yue 山越 (ethnic groups in the Sun-Wu 孫呉 Period) and the rebellion in the late Liang 梁 and the early Chen 陳 periods, both of which have great significance in the understanding the history of Liu-chao. To put this inconsistency among scholars in concrete terms, it is a confrontation between the view of Lu Ssu-mieh 呂思勉 and T'ang Chang-ju 唐長孺 who assert that Shan-Yue are Chinese and the view of Kawakatu Yoshio 川勝義雄 who asserts Shan-Yue are not Chinese. There is another confrontation between the view of Chen Yin-ke 陳寅各 who asserts that leaders of the rebellion in the late Liang and the early Chen periods were not Chinese, and the view of Enomoto Ayuchi 榎本あゆち who has refuted Chen Yin-ke's view. In this paper, the author's attention is given to this inconsistency, particulaly the fact that the dualistic classification between Man and Han does not accurately depict the real state of ethnic groups which existed in the Liu-chao period. In order to examine this incosistency in practice, the author takes up the real state of Shan-Yue, investigates in a village called Tung 洞, and describes the conditions of ruling families on the frontier. These empirical results are then linked with the author's understanding of ethnic groups and an explication of provincial territory in the Liu-chao period.

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