The problem of relationships between temples and their patrons (Jidan寺檀relationships), and the Jidan system is one of the most important subjects in the research or religion during the Tokugawa period, because has not only this system been regarded as the most important feature of religious policy, but also the relationships characterize Buddhism sects, temples, and priests. However, the meaning of the policy has yet to be clarified, although it has been recognized as an important issue. In order to make the meaning concretely clear, legal acts and precedents must be analyzed or re-analyzed and case studies carried out on jidan relationships. In this article, the author has analyzed and reanalyzed particularly about laws related to the "one household-one temple institution" (ikka-ichiji-sei一家一寺制), an institution demanding that every member of a household must be a patron of one temple. At first, the "one household-one temple institution" was not stated legally. The Tokugawa government locally enforced laws that lead to the "one household-one temple institution" from the mid-18th century. And, in 1827, the government locally declared that the "one household-one temple institution" was proper. However, this declaration was a reaction to the actual situation rather than positive policy. Then, in the Shibata新発田 domain, from the end of the 18th century, the local government enforced laws that lead to the "one household-one temple institution", to prevent trouble concerning jidan relationships and carry out the registration of community members more smoothly. However, in 1828, the Shibata government enforced a version of the Tokugawa government's 1827 law, consequently legitimating the "one household-one temple institution". The author concludes that laws related to the "one household-one temple institution" were reactions to actual conditions. In disputes over jidan relationships, any agreement among the litigants was respected by political authorities. So, contrary to previous researches, it is difficult to consider that these laws were enacted with positive political intensions, such as to control the formation and the condition of households.

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