地球と宇宙をケーブルで結びエレベーターのように行き来する宇宙エレベーターのアイデアは素朴であり,意外に古くに提案されているが,論文ではなく,若者に向けて夢を語ったとも思える媒体に書かれている.宇宙エレベーターが纏う未来志向のビジョンは広い分野での教育現場で活用できる.現在のところ,技術者教育に使われている宇宙エレベーターに関する題材は,ほとんどがモデルクライマーである.大学生を主な対象とした技術者教育の場として,ヘリウム気球から垂らしたテザーを宇宙エレベーターのケーブルに見立ててクライマーを昇降させる,宇宙エレベーター技術競技会と宇宙エレベーターチャレンジがある.また,中学生や高校生を含む学生を対象とした取り組みとして,市販のラジコンカー組立てキットの部品を流用して軽量クライマーを製作するSPIDERがある.さらに宇宙エレベーターの技術に興味を持つ者の裾野を広げる取り組みとして,パーツを組み立てるだけでクライマーを製作することができるLASERやMOUSEが考案された.宇宙エレベーターは社会基盤施設であり,さまざまな分野との接点がある.技術者教育はもとより,広い分野の教材として活用することができると期待される.

抄録全体を表示

There has brought about many problems on the college entrance examination in Japan. One of those is on ronins. Applicants for admission to colleges have increased in proportion as highschool students have done. On the one hand, there are the remarkable differences of estimation among colleges or universities, and the other hand, the entrance into the universities estimated highly is closely connected with the success of future life, so, many applicants wish to pass the entrance examination of a few excellent universities such as the Tokyo University etc. The entrance examinations of those colleges have become harder and lots of applicants can not pass them with the three years literary ability of high school. Those applicants must work harder a year or more after graduating high school for passing the examination.
Thus, the existence of ronins is due to the hard entrance examination of a few excellent universities. But many high school students can not help affirming to be ronins with their families as the inevitable in order to pass the examination. Some of them work longer in vain. intend to put a period as early as they could, and sit for several college entrance examinations of faculties being different specialities each other.
Now it is the time that we should call everyone's attention to the problem of ronins and take steps of the desirable solution of this problem. But we are sorry to say that we have been unable to find the opinion or the means to the solution of this problem.
This essay is refered to a part of ronins' reality and has a significance as data for the reconsideration of this problem. As the central point, the comparison of college achievement record between ronins and new graduates of high school is mentioned, and the handicap of the former in the achievement is refered.
At any rate, the problem of ronins should not be overlooked from the stand points of the exploitation of man power and the relief or waste of applicant's youth. For that, we should take into consideration of the selection of college entrants, and at the same time, take steps in the direction to the decrease of ronins among entrants by degrees.

抄録全体を表示

In the study of the effects of TV violence on regular television viewers, the main theme has been the relation between the amount of violence viewed on TV and viewers' aggressiveness. However, Gerbner et al. (1977) asserted that the relation between the amount of TV violence viewed and viewers' perception of the real world was more important. They substantiated the hypothesis that the more people watched TV, the more they confused the 'reality' in the program with that in the real world. They further claimed that heavy viewing mostly affected viewers' perception of safety in society and of trust in other people. This is not merely a follow-up to Gerbner's Study. He tried to find out the relation between the number of viewing hours and viewers' enculturation. However, in this study, the auther emphasized the type of program as well as the number of viewing hours. Thus, the purpose of this study was to clarify the relation between 1) the amount of TV viewing and viewers' perception of safety in the real world and of trust in other people, and 2) the number of crime-depicting programs viewed and viewers' perception of safety in the real world and of trust in other people in the case of Japan. 504 junior high school students were asked 1) to choose TV programs they often saw from the one-week program (from 7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m.) list, 2) to state how many hours a day they watched TV, and 3) to answer five questions about their perception of safety in the real world and three questions about their perception of trust in other people. The results indicated that there was no relation between the amount of TV viewing and viewers' perception of safety in the real world and of trust in other people. However, there was some relation between the number of crime-depicting programs viewed and perception of safety in the real world. This indicates that some types of programs affect viewers' perception of safety while others do not. The fact suggests that in considering the effects of TV viewing, types of program, should be considerd, thougt they were overlooked in the past study.

抄録全体を表示

アントニーン・ドヴォルザーク(1841〜1904)の交響曲第9番作品95「新世界より」の第2楽章の旋律は、《家路》というタイトルで親しまれている。《家路》というタイトルは、ドヴォルザークの弟子ウィリアム・アームズ・フィッシャー(1861〜1948)が作詞し、1922年に出版した《Goin' Home》の訳語である。本論文の目的は、《Goin' Home》がいつから《家路》として知られるようになったのか、《Goin' Home》と《家路》の歌詞はどのような関係にあるのか、さらにどのようにして《家路》が流布していったのかを明らかにすることである。日本で1931年3月に発売されたシルクレットのレコードがきっかけとなり、《Goin' Home》は《家路》として知られるようになり、ラジオでは1932年以降、英語で歌われていたものの《家路》というタイトルで放送されるようになった。1934年以降、《Goin' Home》に基づいた複数の日本語歌詞による楽譜が出版され、ラジオでも1937年から《家路》もしくはそれに類するタイトルの曲が放送されるようになった。フィッシャーの《Goin' Home》の歌詞における「home」は、文字通りの「故郷」と「天国の故郷」という二重の意味を持っていたが、《家路》として流布していく過程で、前者の意味のみが広まっていった。

抄録全体を表示