After World War II, the Civil Information and Education Section (CIE) of GHQ encouraged the setting up of schools of journalism at Japanese universities and expected these schools to train potential journalists. However, the journalism programs which were established in Japan did not emphasize practical training. Therefore the CIE's expectations were not met. Why did American-style practical training in universities not take root in Japan? Was that because of the lack of cooperation between universities and newspapers? This paper examines inter-party and intra-party conflicts and compromises among the three main actors: the CIE, universities, and the newspaper industry. This paper utilizes documents from GHQ/SCAP and Frank L. Mott that had not been examined to any great extent in previous studies. This paper reveals that (1) the journalism programs at Waseda and Keio universities were founded hastily because they wanted the subsidies from the Japan Newspaper Publishers and Editors Association; (2) there were differences in the degree of enthusiasm for journalist education between the Information Division and the Educational Division at the CIE; and (3) the newspaper industry, which preferred practical on-the-job apprenticeships, was not enthusiastic regarding formal journalistic training in universities because it doubted its practicability. In addition, this paper concludes that the Japanese newspapermen and journalism professors felt compelled to accept American ideas and were resentful of the CIE. Furthermore, since journalism studies had been dormant in wartime Japan, journalist education had to start with a shaky theoretical foundation. As a result, journalist education in occupied Japan did not have high standing or a high reputation, which continues to constrain its development even today.

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