本稿は、従来は想像で語るしかなかった、「西南戦争錦絵」と、新聞報道や文学作品との関わりを実証的に示し、西南戦争時の報道言説の展開を考察するものである。そして、そこからさらに、未だ不明な明治一〇年代の出版界の粗描を試みた。明治一〇年代には、「異種百人一首」の盛り上がりがあり、「賊徒」を忠・孝・義・貞の徳目を備えた人物たちとして描いた「西南戦争錦絵」がその素材源となった。この「異種百人一首」の流行は、明治一〇年代の出版界が、そうした主題を新たに獲得したことを示すのである。「西南戦争」という視座は、文学・浮世絵研究の空白域である明治一〇年の出版界を考究していく際に欠かせぬことを述べた。

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This paper will demonstrate the actual conditions of military exercise in elementary schools. Although there is a great deal of research on military exercise in normal schools and junior high schools, there is very little to date on elementary schools. This paper will approach the study of military exercise in elementary school through an examination of the disposition, the use, and treatment of model rifle, the primary instructional aid of military exercise. This research highlights two important features. First, the Ministry of Education only concerned itself with the larger framework of military exercise in elementary schools and did not promote the use of model rifles. Second, regional elementary schools actively accepted model rifles ; they sought to create a sense of reality by demanding model rifles that looked like the real thing. As this paper argues, the reason regional schools accepted the use of model rifles was that they were used during school field trips and ceremonies, not just for military exercise class because those involved with the school were concerned about their appearance, being disposed to worry about how others look upon them. There is one additional point regarding the relationship between children the rifles. The model gun was stored where it could be easily seen by the children, and the children also kept the rifles clean. In this way, an attitude of respect for the rifle was cultivated in elementary school children. The practice of military exercise did not end with the class period, but affected many people in and out of school at various times.

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This article studies the number of military officers among Imperial Diet members and their influence in prewar Japan. The first half explores the number of officer MPs on the basis of biographical dictionaries edited by the House of Representatives and the House of Councilors. The author finds that 1) their number was not very large, except during World War II ; 2) their number among members of the House of Representatives increased after the fourteenth general election (1920) ; 3) many generals and admirals were made barons after the Russo-Japanese War, and some of these were elected as a member of the House of Peers. The second half of the article analyzes the activities of officer MPs after the year 1920. They did share common interests with the military authorities as servicemen ; however, a conflict of interest arose between ex-servicemen and active-servicemen. Therefore, they were not always loyal supporters of the military authorities. In conclusion, officer MPs had considerable influence as military specialists, representatives of ex-servicemen and supporters of the military authorities in the Diet despite their position as a minority. It was often the case that they were detrimental to parliamentary government due to their anti-liberal and anti-party government tendencies.

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