“Chokusen-no-ho” in the collection of Tayasu Bunko, National Institute of Japanese Literature, is a Jimyoin- jubokudō densho describing the calligraphic style used in copying the Kokin wakashū(Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry). It provides specific guidelines on the number of Chinese characters to be included along with kana when writing waka poems and how to write them, as well as the layout of the characters and the number of letters. The purpose of this paper is to examine the “Chokusen-no-ho” and its variant manuscripts, to understand what the calligraphers and their students have focused on, and to clarify some of the changes in the writing style of the ancient manuscripts of kokin wakashu(Kokin wakashu Ko-shahon).
As a result of the study, we confirmed that several Jubokudō Densho contain descriptions of writing style (number of lines and number of consecutive Chinese characters). Some of the later Jubokudō Densho were found to be highly reproducible by the people to whom they were handed down, such as those with a template, which shows how much importance was attached to the Chokusenshū style of writing. What is noteworthy is the instruction for cases where a single line cannot contain an entire poem. If the end of a line break in a poem ends (“Motokusa”) in more than five characters, it requires the selection of “Mana” and limits the number of consecutive Chinese characters to no more than five. However, “Kanataru-moji” (e.g., spring, summer, fall, winter) can be used consecutively for the “Mana.”
In the second half of this paper, we have confirmed that there is no discrepancy between the descriptions in the densho and the actual writings. Using Jimyoin Motosada's “Kokin wakashū” as an example, we reported that it is consistent with the descriptions in “Chokusen-no-ho,” and argued that it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that these writing styles probably occurred in connection with changes in the writing style and number of lines in Kokin wakashū, which was transcribed from the Middle Ages to the early modern period.
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