This article aims to analyze KATO Takaaki's diplomatic vision in connection with his political leadership. As is well known, KATO took the initiative as foreign minister when Japan entered World War I and submitted the Twenty-One Demands, and tried to actively expand Japanese interests in China. But after World War I, he accepted the results of the Washington Conference and as a prime minister promoted a moderate diplomacy, the so-called “Shidehara Diplomacy”. What vision had KATO had in this period? How did he or did he not change his vision? I will attempt to answer this question, which has thus far not been clearly answered.
KATO regretted his poor dealings with the controversial negotiations of the Twenty-One Demands. However, he tried to convince himself that he hadn't failed in the Twenty-One Demands securing Japanese interests in Manchuria and Shandong, and he continued to make an excuse even after the end of the Washington Conference. He also insisted that the return of Shandong to China should be done only in accordance with the Twenty-One Demands Treaty and Japan should make no concessions at all to China at the Washington Conference. Kato's attitude led the diplomatic policy of Kenseikai party to a hard line on the matter of the Twenty-One Demands, as well as attacking the government. Elder Statesman Saionji Kinmochi was worried about this, so KATO was not appointed as prime minister and the Kenseikai party was kept away from government for a long time.
On the other hand, at the same time, KATO continued to try to make the diplomatic policy of Kenseikai party more moderate. KATO's excuse for the Twenty-One Demands gradually toned down. He expressed his sympathy for Wilsonianism and the new trend in diplomacy after World War I. He was strongly opposed to the intervention in Siberia and China carried out by the Terauchi Cabinet, so he controlled the hard-liners on these matters within the Kenseikai party and refrained from making partisan attacks toward the HARA Cabinet with which he shared a fundamental diplomatic vision.
It was at about the end of 1923 that KATO stopped clinging to his excuse about the Twenty-One Demands and made the diplomatic policy of Kenseikai party more moderate and coherent. He decided to do this because he had realized his excuse was too emotional and nonsensical. Also, Saionji's anxiety was preventing the Kenseikai party from returning to government. This change of diplomatic policy was the foundation of the Shidehara diplomacy in the KATO Cabinet. I conclude that although KATO's clinging to the excuse for the Twenty-One Demands was a manifest failure, his effort to make the diplomatic policy of Kenseikai party moderate should be duly evaluated.

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The purpose of the present study was to obtain better understanding of the sensory disturbances and the dysfunctions of blood flow of hands of 71 male workers who used the vibrating pneumatic tools (e.g., chipping hammer, air grinder and sand rammer) in a factory of steel foundry.
The vibrating tool users were asked to stay 30 minutes or over in a room at temperatures of 20° to 23°C and examined. The pain sense was tested on the dorsum of the middle phalanges by pinprick. The response to pinprick was determined with a intravenous injection needle 1/2mm in diameter pressed by various weights, and the threshold being expressed as grams. The vibratory sense was assessed at the ventral regions of the distal phalanges with a C-128 tuning fork, and the threshold being expressed as seconds, which showed the duration of the aroused sensation of vibration. The skin temperature was determined at the same part as that of the vibratory sense by a skin thermometer. The recovery time of blood flow was measured in seconds at the nail-bed of fingers by Yamada's “Nail Press Test.”
The workers were divided into three groups according to their duration of the work as vibrating tool users and the presence or absence of the attacks of Raynaud's phenomenon as follows : the first group consisted of 17 men who worked for less than 1/2 year ; the second group, 40 men who worked for 1/2 year or more and had no attack of Raynaud's phenomenon ; the third group, 14 men suffered from the attack of Raynaud's phenomenon.
The data were compared among the three groups. The results are as follows :
1. The prevalence of workers who showed the value of 3g or over as the threshold of pain sense was higher in the second and the third group than in the first group, and that of 5g or over, higer in the third group than in the second group.
2. The values of 8 seconds or less as the vibratory sense threshold were seen more in the third group than the other groups.
3. The workers who showed the skin temperature below 31.0°C were found more in the third group than in the other groups.
4. The third group had more workers who required 3 seconds or over for the recovery time of blood flow than the first group.
5. There were correlations between the increase in years of age and the degree of loss of pain sense in the third group, between the former and that of vibratory sense in the second and the third groups and between the length of the recovery time and the fall of the skin temperature in three groups.

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