I feel that today's social environment in Japan is very similar to that of the ending period of Tokugawa Government. In both cases, the most serious problem is the leader's lack of confidence to make effective policies and decisive actions to deal with the rapidly changing circumstances. "Perry's Black Ships" in 1853 and "Anglo-Saxon Standard" at present time are good examples which is difficult for the leaders how to handle. Meiji Restoration was initiated by the formal return of political authority to Emperor by the last Shogun in 1868, but in 1871, Meiji Government consolidated "Domains (Hans)" into more rationally structured "Prefectures (Kens)" (Haihan Chiken) which gave the most profound impact on society. The magnitude of disaster would have been great as all the big corporations today dissolve over-nightly and all the emplyees lose job automatically. The impact of "Haihan Chiken" was enormous because the biggest emplyers (Hans) were abolished and Samurais who worked for "Hans" were dismissed. Meiji Government had to save jobless Samurais and help "Hans" for their financial rescheduling. For that purpose, Meiji Government issued Government Bond equal to 1.2 times of GDP (yen 200 million at that time) and gave 80% of them to Samurai class at free of charge as the expences for survival and the rest was used for financial rescheduling of "Domains (Hans)". The reforms were proceeded by the initiative of young key restoration leaders from Satsuma,Choshu,Tosa & Saga. Japan's economy has no sign of recovery for very long time but we must get rid of such stagnation as soon as possible. I trurt now is the time to do something which gives strong & positive impact on Japanese economy. Through the experience of Meiji Government at the time of "Haihan Chiken", I discovered a great hint in the skillful "Utilization of Government Bond". I proposed a very radical but very interesting economic strategy in this report which will be particularly effective at emergency. I named it "Special National Bonus Strategy." In my mind, the sub-title of this report is "Learning from the Cultural Heritage of Meiji".

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The historical studies of Japanese civil engineering have not almost used newspaper as references. So, this study aimed to make the new studying way of the history of civil engineering by using newspaper.
In this study, at first, newspaper articles written about the Japanese survey during Meiji era were collected. Second, these articles were selected into the some categories of survey. Numbers of articles in each categories were counted and made the graph. In last of all, we compared with the usual history of modern Japanese survey and the new historical fact found in this study.
From this new studying way, it was found that the constructions of civil engineering paid attention from public opinion in each times and the history of civil engineering included the social background are made clear.

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