Tanaka Shozo's antiwar argument has been studied almost solely in view of the postwar pacifism in Japan. In contrast, the author takes notice of the fact that Tanka belonged to the hawkish foreign policy party before coming out against war. The author analyzes this extreme conversion from the point of view of the formation and structure of his antiwar argument. Looking back at the Shino-Japanese War, it is revealed that Tanaka's hawkish foreign policy stand assumed precedence of internal affairs over external problems. Because of his principle, he never abandoned his critical attitude toward the government during the war. After the war, he continued to hold this principle, and his devotion to the mine pollution problem around the Ashio copper mine was one of its applications. However, the government set aside the pollution probrem, and the hawkish foreign policy party ignored his appeal for help. There appeared in his mind, the idea that Japan had perished, and because of this idea contrasted with the stateimage of the hawkish foreign policy party, he withdrew from the party and discarded its ideology. From this idea that Japan had perished, and from his religious thought, which had been developed as the spiritual condition of the revival of Japan, foreign affairs lost significance for him. Here lies the structure of his antiwar argument. Moreover, during the Russo-Japanese War, he entered Yanka village which had become the focus of the mine pollution problem. There he saw the real perished Japan, after which he stregthened his antiwar argument. After the Russo-Japanese War, he continued to preach the antiwar argument and disarmament, criticizing the annexation policy toward Korea. Underlying such activities was the mine pollution problem, the scene of perished Japan. As long as stood at that scene, his antiwar argument could never be shaken. That is the distinctive feature of his antiwar argument.

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