本稿は、都市観光景観の史的変遷の問題を考察するため、とくに広島市における定期バス観光案内の眺望対象の変遷過程を定期観光バス事業開拓期（昭和 29年～昭和 47年）について復元することを目的とする。ガイドテキストと元バスガイド２名へのヒアリングによる分析の結果、都市景観形成に関わる２つの結論を得た。すなわち、１）戦後復興期における都市整備によって、新奇性の高い施設が観光景観に組み込まれる。２）その一方で、事業開拓期においては、とくに瀬戸内海という伝統的な眺望対象に対する説明形式が多様化していく。

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The objective of this paper is to clarify the urban development process of Beppu City and its formation as a modern hot spring resort, from the beginning of the Meiji period until the outbreak of the Second World War.

One characteristic of the urban development of Beppu is that it began relatively early for Japan, and inter-city transportation between Beppu and Oita was established as early as 1900. These early developments were mainly realized by private capital, especially the transportation route between Beppu and Oita, which was operated by mainly local magnates and people from Ehime Prefecture. The urban development that started in the Meiji period eventually became the basis for Beppu’s modern hot spring tourism.

During the Taisho period, short-term visitors to Beppu increased. Cheap inns, built originally for customers of therapeutic baths, were converted into hotels, and additionally many accommodation facilities for short-term visitors were built. Moreover, land consolidation projects were carried out, and these newly-adjusted areas became home to new accommodation and entertainment facilities. The popularity of Beppu as a tourist destination gained momentum when the entrepreneur Aburaya Kumahachi and the city government started promoting and advertising it as a tourist destination.

When Beppu achieved the status of a city in 1924, tourism development was progressing well, and even more leisure complexes were constructed. From the beginning of the Showa period in 1926, the Beppu government started to advertise to tourists on an international scale. Two expositions were held, but after the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937, the number of foreign tourists started to decrease, and when the war situation worsened, the number of Japanese tourists also declined.

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This study aims to clarify the problems of the landscape of tourism in a city, and to analyze the changing processes of the view objects along the sightseeing bus tours in Hiroshima City which were established in 1954. A focus was conducted into the procedures of tour guides, by analyzing the contents of extant five texts from 1973 to 1999. As a result, we found that the transition of introduced landscapes was the losing processes of the concept of overlooking the distant view of landscapes such as urban industrial buildings in the bay areas or the Seto Island Sea.

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This paper examines the formation process of a spa town in modern, at the case study of the Beppu spa, Oita. This spa resort grew up to be the greatest one in modern. In this paper, consider this remarkable change, with the location of hot springs developments and the location tendency of the hotel (Ryokan) town area. In the Meiji period, most hot springs located in a line on the "Yumyaku". And the main area of this spa town developed on the "Yumyaku". The hotel (Ryokari) town area were formed around the main public baths (Sotoyu) through the Meiji period, but at the Taisho period, the new large hotel town was formed at the seaside area. This movement suggests the change of the character of this spa town.

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This paper examines the formation process of a spa town in modern, at the case study of the Beppu spa, Oita. This spa resort was only a one small-scale colony in Edo period, but grew up to be the greatest one in modern. Furthermore, many large-scale Ryokan enterprised. These were managemented by the men of renown since Edo period or before, and new businessmen of modern. These two types of large-scale Pyokan have the feature also in the location and the construction form of the Ryokan, respectively.

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 This research focuses on the city planning of Beppu city before WW2.
 Beppu is one of the famous tourist destinations in Japan since late modern period. Its start of city planning was a road development project started in 1906. It lasted for about 20years and the road of the Beppu city changed to grid patterns.
 After city status were given to Beppu in 1924, the discussion about the city planning of Beppu city started. Because Beppu had unique characteristics as a tourist destination, city planning engineers from the Japanese government had much interest in and expectation to the planning. On the other hand, engineers from Oita prefecture and Beppu city, who were in charge of the planning, struggled with the methodology to plan.
 The city planning law was applied to Beppu city in 1927 and just after that Mr. Hiroyuki Kayanoki, an engineer from the Home Ministry, visited Beppu city and decided the vision of Beppu city as “the city with a scenic view and hot spring”. Along the lines of the vision, engineers from Oita prefecture and Beppu city cooperated and worked together on the planning of streets in 1932 and land use in 1935.
 Characteristics as a tourist destination were reflected in the planning of them. As for the streets, the railway track and the street was planned as grade intersections to avoid the atmosphere of the tourist destination. As for the land use, the ratio of the industrial areas was only 3% of the city planning area.
 However, the planning regarding streets and the use of land only covered the city central area and most of the suburbs had no city planning. This situation encouraged Beppu city to make plans on its own in 1937, which was called as “Sento Toshi Keikaku (Hot spring capital city planning)”. Beppu city created the plan with the help of Dr. Tokutaro Kitamura, who was an engineer from the Home Ministry, and Prof. Eitaro Sekiguchi, who was a specialist of landscape architecture. It included the planning of streets, parks and tourist facilities.
 Also Dr. Tokutaro Kitamura was in charge of the planning of scenic districts. The scenic districts surrounded the city area. Not only natural areas but also tourist attractions and recreation areas for residents were also included in the scenic districts.
 Even after the Sino-Japanese war was started in July 1937, Beppu city continued making efforts to realize the plan. One large park was created following the Sento Toshi Keikaku with the help of a private company in 1942. Three large land readjustment plans were designed to control over lands, which were owned by owners outside Beppu city.
 In the previous research, it was mentioned that the city planning technique for the tourist destination before WW2 was the “park system”, which connects parks by roads. However, in Beppu, one of the famous tourist destinations in Japan, how to control land and space were one of the issues to be solved by city planning techniques.

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