The authors have been performed literature surveys on July 28, 1889 Kumamoto earthquake taking an opportunity of the occurrence of 2016 event in Kumamoto Prefecture. In the previous paper, reconnaissance reports and newspapers at that time were surveyed. In this paper, more literature surveys including archived Kumamoto prefectural documents were added. Processes of collecting damage data and summing up were traced using those official documents. Damage statistics appeared in various reports were also discussed based on their origins.

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The authors have performed literature surveys on July 28, 1889 Kumamoto earthquake taking an opportunity of the occurrence of 2016 event in Kumamoto Prefecture. In the previous papers, reconnaissance reports, newspapers and archived Kumamoto prefectural documents at that time were surveyed. In this paper, detailed damages in Kumamoto city are picked up from these documents. Damage distribution and each building details are disclosed and plotted on a map newly reproduced from the topological map and street map at that time. Damage concentrations in northern and southern districts and ground failures along the old river traces are extracted.

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In Kumamoto Prefecture, there are many flood protection and water utilization works as diversion structures, levees and groins made of stones which were constructed by Kiyomasa Kato as a feudal lord in the early Edo era. However, most of the works have not been clarified with actual evidence as to how they play a role in flood protection water utilization. In this paper, Shizumidomo called in Japanese, which was constructed at confluence of Midorikawa river and Samatagawa one as longitudinal dike, has been investigated from the viewpoint of historical river regulation methods by applying a hydraulic model. The model scale was 1/200. In addition, Kutsuwadomo and Hane in Midorikawa river basin as open levee were discussed by excavation of levees and old map in Edo era.

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The port of Misumi is one of the oldest Japanese modern ports, built by the initiative of Meiji goverment. In spite of its historical importance on the chronological level, the appreciations by historians are rather divergent: a beautiful masonry work realized thanks to the marriage of the traditional and Western techniques, the badly selected site for which commercial activities stagnate with the passing of years, etc. In order to validly define the historical value of this realization, this paper analyzies the archives, inedite or not, and clarifies the process and the ideas of the planning and constrauction of this port.

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The Hanaguri channel is known as mysterious-shaped structures, which was constructed in the Nakasu mountain to irrigate a paddy field lying in the middle reach of the Shira river basin by Kiyomasa Katou in 1608.
In this study, a field investigation and a model experiment were carried out to grasp the actual status and hydraulic functions of the Hanaguri channel. The results showed that the Hanaguri channel had 26 walls with a semicircular hole which was dug in the lower part of the wall, and the flow between the walls exhibited the characteristics of wall jet and had enough tractive force to transport volcanic ashes erupted from the Mt. Aso.

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本稿では日本から台湾への「移民」,特に多くの移民を送出してきた熊本に焦点をあてる。本稿では所蔵の熊本県台湾会作成の「会員名簿」(6825名分)をデータ化し,それを元に熊本のどのような人物が台湾のどの地域に渡り,どのような職業に就き,引揚後の接続状況はどうだったのかについて,考察した。結果としては,やはり熊本市と台北在住者が多かったが,天草や花蓮など特徴的なケースもあった。

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Five bridges were built over the Kotsuki River in Kagoshima City. The bridges were constructed by Sangoro Iwanaga, a Higo mason, between Koka2(1845) and Kaei2(1849). This paper describes the construction method developed by Sangoro Iwanaga in Higo before he left for Satsuma. Sangoro Iwanaga constructed Mitsuyose Bridge with a segmental arch, and as a result, he established the techniques of fan masonry, double wheel stone, and multiple masonry. Sangoro Iwanaga learned from Bizen stonemasons the Bizen style of packing cobblestones inside the stone walls and the Makidomo stone wall technique.

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先に寛永10年の「肥後藩人畜家屋敷改帳」に記載されている住居家構の形式から、九州地方特に佐賀熊本地方に卓越している「鍵屋」形式の形成の過程を考えて見た。こゝではその間の史料として、所蔵の「西南役焼失家屋調」を取上げて見る事にする。西南戦争(明治10年)による被害調査の膨大なる記録の内に、焼失家屋に関する調査が47冊ある。その内8冊には屋根形式、建物配置等の概要は勿論、一部間取図も書き添えられている。その他のものにも建坪数と屋根葺材料等と共に被害の程度が大略記載されている。この記録は大体、被害による損害保証の要求の基礎資料であつて、記載の方式も区々様々で、全地域統一されたものではなかつたようである。然し規模形式の大要は知るに足るものである。

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The aim of this study is to clarify as much as possible the process of formation of the Jikishinkage-ryū, and by comparing that to the lineage and transmission from after its formation, to show how it has changed. Specifically, we verified whether the lineage and transmission mentioned in the scrolls written after the Jikishinkage-ryū’s formation agree with those in the formation process. First, we examined the lineage and transmission in the scrolls written after the formation of Jikishinkage-ryū, and analyzed the formation process to clarify rewritten points in its lineage. We clarified the following six points:
1.Yamada Heizaemon Mitsunori referred to himself as the second generation head of Jikishinseitō-ryū, not Jikishinkage-ryū. Therefore, it is after Naganuma Shirōzaemon Kunisato that Jikishinseitō-ryū was renamed Jikishinkage-ryū. This means there is a discrepancy between the period of the Jikishinkage-ryū’s formation and its transmission.
2.Multiple discrepancies regarding names and meanings can be spotted between historical materials written by the people mentioned in the lineage of Jikishinkage-ryū, and the transmission mentioned in the scrolls written after Jikishinkage-ryū was formed. This indicates that parts of the transmission were rewritten after the formation of Jikishinkage-ryū.
3.It is in the “Jikishinkage-ryū Mokuroku Kudensh” (Catalogue of techniques and oral transmission of Jikishinkage-ry) by Naganuma Shirōzaemon Kunisato that Matsumoto Bizen-no-Kami was first recognized as the founder of Jikishinkage-ryū.
4.The Enpi kata of Shinkage-ryū that originates from Kage-ryū can also be confirmed in the catalogue of techniques of Shinshinkage-ryū, although written with different kanji. Therefore, Shinshinkage-ryū can be said to have been affected by Kage-ryū via Shinkage-ryū.
5.The name and meaning of each school (ryū) found in the lineage of Jikishinkage-ryū were interpreted with the consideration that the tradition bestowed by the deity of martial arts was inherited from generation to generation. This was from Matsumoto Bizen-no-Kami, the founder, to Yamada Heizaemon Mitsunori, who changed the name of the school to Jikishinkage-ryū.
6.It is after Naganuma Shirōzaemon Kunisato that the colophon “Kashima Shinden,” which shows that the style was bestowed by the deity Takemikazuchi, started to be used. It is also after Kunisato that Takemikazuchi was recognized as the originator of the school.

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This paper examined whether the approach where techniques and tactics are put aside, as seen in the Sekiun School, is seen in other schools as well, taking into account the transformation of values in swordsmanship styles. The key findings are as follows.

1. Common points of Sekiun-School and Jikishin-School

It is said that Harigaya Sekiun, the founder of the Sekiun-School, and Kamiya Denshinsai, the founder of the Jikishin-School, defeated their teacher Ogasawara Genshinsai before establishing their own styles (however, with respect to the Jikishin-School, this account appears only after the establishment of its successor, the Jikishinkage-School). This version of events can be seen as an expression of a break from the swordsmanship of the previous era and the development of new styles. Both schools rejected the swordsmanship of the previous era because they thought it be deviating from the ideal state of mind. A mind that has diverged from the ideal state is referred to as chikushoshin (“bestial mind") in the Sekiun-School and as hi (“error") in the Jikishin-School.

2. Sekiun-School

As indicated in previous studies, the Sekiun School disapproves of swordsmanship styles in which various maneuvers and offensive moves are used to deceive the opponent and gain victory. Acquiring techniques in the Sekiun School is very simple: the practitioner advances toward the opponent to the point where the opponent is within weapon range and then strikes, without sparing any thoughts about oneself.In this study, in a re-examination of the content of the swordsmanship style condemned by Sekiun School, it was found that the techniques and tactics of assuming a confrontational countenance and making either of them aware, while using the other to mislead the mind of the opponent, is criticized. Furthermore, even a moderate confrontational stance is met with disapproval, and being non-deliberate and nonchalant is emphasized.

3. Jikishin-School

The Jikishin-School held that if the mind stood clear of hi, it could attain jikishin, an ideal mental state. Other schools are criticized for advocating strict adherence to a style without seeking mastery of the mind.In the Jikishinseito-School and the Jikishinkage-School, the successors of the Jikishin-School, the greatest importance is placed on maintaining an ideal state of mind and body. It is also thought that if one can preserve such a state of mind and body, opponents with hi in their minds will destroy themselves. Metsuke exists even in the teachings of the Jikishinseito-School and the Jikishinkage-School, but the idea is that the state of an opponent's mind may be recognized by concentrating on the eyes, while devoting little attention to tactical details.

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In early age of Edo period, there were extensive irrigation and flood protection works by use of diversion structures, levees, weirs and groynes made of stones in Kumamoto Prefecture which weredirected by Kiyomasa Katou as a feudal lord. Some of the historical monuments have been still working properly. In this paper, the structural features of weirs, levees and irrigation channels constructed by Kiyomasa Katou were investigated from a viewpoint of traditional river regulation methods. The results showed that the monuments have multiple functions to control flood discharge, water level and sedimentation.

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The purpose of this study is to research on the features of training and inter-disciplinary match characteristics in the three groups: the Naganuma, the Fujikawa and the Odani group. These three groups belonged to Jikishinkage-ryu kenjyutsu school and engendered different training styles. We analyzed the inter-disciplinary matches and the lineage of their kata. We also examined their view on kenjyutsu which, we considered, caused their characteristic features.
 The conclusions of this study are as below.
 1.The Naganuma group adopted mainly jyodan posture to do uchikomi in the matches. Eight kinds of kata were practiced in the Naganuma group.
 2.We consider that there were two reasons of their frequent adoption of jyodan posture in the matches: one was they frequently used shikake-waza and the other was they considered that the jyodan posture was convenient to deal with opponent’s actions. These characteristics developed the idea of attaching great importance to jyodan in the Naganuma group. They did not neglect kata practice even in the late Edo period when inter-disciplinary matches flourished.
 3.As in the Naganuma group, jyodan was also adopted frequently in the Fujikawa group in their inter-disciplinary matches. Since the days of Saito Akinobu, five kinds of kata were practiced.
 4.Fujikawa Seisai established the disciplinary system of Fujikawa group in the late Edo period. He criticized that the shinai-uchikomi-geiko stuck too much to winning and emphasized mental training. He insisted that the kata practice was effective in mental training.
 5.In the Odani group, jyodan posture was not adopted. It is recorded that Odani Seiichiro adopted only seigan and gedan postures in the matches in Tempo era. As to kata practice only Hojyo is handed down in the Odani group and To-no-kata was trained in shinai-uchikomi-geiko.
 6.Odani criticized the division of kenjyutsu into school names and insisted the importance of inter-disciplinary matches to develop one’s strong points and make up for the weak points. The trend as from Tempo period of Tsuki- techniques with a long Shinai was one of the reasons that Odani changed the traditional jyodan posture of Jikishinkage-ryu to seigan posture.

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