It is a remarkable characteristics that there are a great many poems of love on Manyoshu. The poets of Manyoshu, both men and women, expressed their love with vividness. Especially most of the poems written by women are those of love, which are of real excellence. Well, it would be worth thinking about the problem why thare are so many poems of love on Manyoshu. Would it be because they had many chances to fall in love ? No, it would not. We could understand that if we read them one by one. It would be better to say that they had few chances to do so. During the age when the poems of Manyorhu were written, the matrimony form, on the one hand, was changing into the monogamy system (for women, but the polygamy for men); however, at the same time, many people were obliged to obey the ancient custom, on the other hand, that husband and wife should live in separate places. It was owing to the law of the ancient state which was a new system entirely different from the custom of the day and was enacted for the sake of the coming age. It could be said that the poems of love on Manyoshu were those chanted by lovers a crying for each other so as to conquer those obstacles. Therefore we could say that it would be the key point when we think about the poems of love, to make clear concretely and historically the strength that made them conquer the new situations and their obstacles. I intended to try to search for it on this short thesis through a woman called Ishikawa-no-Iratsume who was thought to have lived from the late 7th century to the early part of the 8th century. And I have come to the conclusion that it really exists in the democratic matrimony custom of the ancient days-tte polygamy system for men and the polyandry for women supposed to be remains of the group marriage-; which was not bound by the monogamy system, kept and continued to exist at least around her life during the time she was alive.

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It has been a general understanding that the members of the Nara 奈良 era's Cabinet Council were involved in clan consultation and consisted of the delegates from the old clans, which existed even before the Taika 大化 period. Therefore the members of the Cabinet Council constituted a "fortress" to concentrate the will of the whole "nobility". In this paper, the author considers the organization of the members of the Cabinet Council, and tries to make clear the power structure of the Ancient Japanese governing class. First, he compares the number of Japanese nobles allowed to participate in the Cabinet Council with that of Ancient China, and makes clear that in Japan there were few councils that let many nobles participate and deliberate on national policies. Secondly, he commentes on the commonly understood, and presumably substantial, organizational principle concerning the members of the Cabinet Council. Thirdly, he constructs the conditions by which nobles could attain high ranks. The result was that, at the time of Ritsuryo 律令 system completion, the Fujiwara 藤原 family was guaranteed that they would attain high ranks. He concludes that the Japanese Ritsuryo system must have been altered for the sake of the Fujiwara family. Finally, he looks the main aspect of national sovereignty in governing in substance Ancient Japan. He concludes that it was the formation of a nucleus for organically articulating the Fujiwara family to national sovereignty.

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本稿は,古墳の石室が墳丘のどの位置に構築されるかという墳丘と石室の相関性に注目し,埋葬施設の多様さが顕著にあらわれる日本列島の後期・終末期古墳を主な対象として,その地域性や時間的変化など地域的・時期的特質を論じる。
墳丘と石室の相関性を分析した結果,前期古墳以来の墳丘規模を優先する墳丘優先型,後期古墳からはじまる横穴式石室を優先する石室優先型,墳丘・横穴式石室双方を優先する折衷型の3つに分類することが可能である。
次に,3分類の分布変化から地域的な変容をたどると,墳丘優先型は,後期古墳の段階では前方後円墳築造周縁域を中心に根強く残るが,終末期古墳になると,折衷型および石室優先型の一元的波及によって墳丘優先型が駆逐されていくことが判明した。しかし関東地方以北では,墳丘優先型が根強く残存する地域が多いことが明らかになった。こうしたことから,古墳築造における優先項目は,墳丘規模を第一義におく地域,石室を第一義とする地域など,地域によって古墳築造の特質が異なると考えた。
さらに墳丘規模について検討を加えたが,後期古墳において墳丘長60m前後で墳丘の序列が変わる可能性を指摘した。石室優先型の前方後円墳に前方部を延伸させ,60mという墳丘規模を達成させた事例がみとめられることなどによる。この序列をそのまま終末期古墳に引き継いだ地域が,上野・下野・上総・下総など,関東地方の諸地域であり,西日本を起点とした前方後円墳の終焉という変革を受容しつつも,地域独自の古墳観は崩さなかったことが背景にあると考えた。そして,後期古墳における関東地方や九州地方など,前方後円墳築造周縁域の様相は,畿内地域のそれと大きく異なり,終末期古墳になると,畿内的に変容する地域が増加する一方で,畿内との違いが依然として顕著な地域が存在することを明らかにした。

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