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  • 日本野球独立リーガーの場合
    小丸 超
    ソシオロジ
    2010年 55 巻 2 号 73-126
    発行日: 2010/10/31
    公開日: 2015/05/13
    ジャーナル フリー
     The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new analytical model to the study of retiring athletes and examine its validity by comparison with the transition model which has been predominant in this thematic field of research. The transition model, based upon a developmental process of lifelong socialization in which a person adapts to career transition, involves several factors which affect that process. This model, however, has two limitations: first, it cannot aptly include the dimension of the sense of lived experience which has motivated athletes; second, it fails to consider that the retirement process for athletes is the experience of retreat not only from sports but also from the pursuit of fulfilling lived experience. The former limitation is resolved by adopting the concept of trans-socialization presented by Kameyama (2000) which embraces people’s orientation to lived experience. Kameyama pointed out that unique experiences which trigger trans-socialization in athletes help promote their socialization process as well. The latter is also adjusted by introducing Kameyama’s anthropological model (2010). The anthropological model makes a clear distinction between socialization and trans-socialization, and includes the retreat process from lived experience in its perspective. Most important for the retirement process is the concept of de-transsocialization (departure from the fulfilling lived experience). This study classifies the retirement process into two types according to the former athletes’ subjective evaluation of the experience that causes their de-transsocialization: the “proper retirement route” in which athletes can acknowledge their defeat as athletes in terminating their career; or the “shortcut retirement route” in which they cannot. Interviews with eight former players in the Independent Baseball League of Japan were conducted. Through the analyses of the interviews, the validity of the anthropological model is confirmed in two respects: 1) difficulty of adaptation in role transition is understood as a gap between socialization and trans-socialization; 2) the source of the difficulties is not in the influence of certain negative factors but in the incompleteness of the experience which leads athletes to de-transsocialization. This anthropological model could also be applicable to other human experiences in role transition.
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