The crime prevention activities were introduced into the field of the rehabilitation (probation and parole) service by the Offenders Rehabilitation Law in 1949. Since then, probation offices and related voluntary organizations have placed emphasis on the crime prevention, and have organized in July each year a nation-wide crime prevention campaign entitled as "The Drive to Enlighten the Society", in order to mobilize the interest of the public. In this campaign, as in other day-to-day crime prevention activities, emphasis is placed not only on prevention of crime in the strict sense of the term but also on disseminating the idea that it is essential for the public to accept released offenders back in the community and help them for the prevetion of recidivism. In this article the authors examined the history of crime prevention activities in the field of rehabilitation, and their main purposes by each decade, trying to define whether the main objective of the crime preventive efforts in the field is the prevention of recidivism and rehabilitation of offenders or the reduction of over-all crime rates in the community. The authors reached the conclusion that the purposes of these activities are as follows : i) To give the members of the community the information on crime and delinquency and make them more interested in crime problems ; ii) to encourage them to participate in crime preventive activities in the community ; iii) to make them sympathize with the offenders and support their rehabilitation. The degree of the interest of the public in crime problems in the community, of course, greatly depends upon the crime incidence and other factors existinging the community. Today, the increase of juvenile delinquency has become a serious social problem and a main object of public interest, and it is required for probation offices, volunteer probation officers and other voluntary organizations such as Women's Associations for Rehabilitation Aid or Big Brothers and Sisters Associations to conduct the nation-wide crime prevention activities in more attractive and effective fashions. Under these circumstances, the Rehabilitation Bureau of the Ministry of Justice conducted "The Project for the Crime Prevention and Rehabilitation of Offenders in the Community" in 1979 and 1980. The project aimed at evaluating the effects of the crime prevention activities in the field of the rehabilitation services, and developing more effective methods of crime prevention activities in the community. It may be safe to summarize the results of the questionnaires administered to the residents in the project areas about their thought patterns on crime prevention and offenders rehabilitation in the following manner : i) The information dissemination through mass communication media or personal channels is essential in order to stimulate the interests of the members of the community in the crime prevention. ii) The participation in some kinds of crime preventive programs promote residents, understanding of the importance of the crime prevention. Active participation in programs such as round-table discussions and interorganization meetings is especially effective ; iii) From among those who participated in these programs, we can recruit potential leaders of crime prevention activities, and further more, the individuals who are willing to help offenders voluntarily. The effect of the crime prevention activities can be evaluated by the number of participants in crime preventive activities and the number of residents who catch the information. The authors define these two indexes as "Participation and Information Scale," and propose this scale as a scale for the evaluation of effects of the crime prevention activities in the field of the rehabilitation services.

抄録全体を表示

　「最良の刑事政策とは，最良の社会政策である」というリストの有名な言葉は再犯防止推進計画においても引用された．確かに，犯罪をした者等の抱える多様な生きづらさを踏まえると，再犯防止の推進において社会政策が果たすべき役割は大きい．一方で，今日では，再犯防止の推進に限らず，社会政策における様々な課題の解決が，国の基本法や基本計画に定められた「地方公共団体の責務」に委ねられる傾向も見られる．さらに，2020年の社会福祉法改正により，「地域共生社会」の美名の下に，人々の抱える多様な「地域生活課題」の解決が地域住民の「支え合い」に委ねられるようにもなっている．　こうした状況にかんがみると，単純に再犯防止の推進にかかる取組みをより広義の社会政策に委ねることは，犯罪をした者等の抱える多様な生きづらさやその背後にある社会の課題を，漠然とした「いい地域をつくる」というスローガンで回収することにつながりかねない．再犯防止の推進には，犯罪をした者等のことを真剣に考えることと，そのうえで，犯罪をした者等の視角から「地域共生社会」にとどまらない，地域のあり方を問い直そうとする姿勢が不可欠である．

抄録全体を表示

※本記事に抄録はありません。

抄録全体を表示

【目的】地域住民の生活上の課題やニーズに対する幅広いケアを多職種連携で行う地域系IPEモデルを提案し，成果と課題について明らかにする。 【方法】医療系IPEモデルとの比較から本モデルを明確化し，カリキュラムを構築した。そして，テーマ一覧や受講者のルーブリックから，担当教員の適応性と受講者の学習効果を検討した。 【結果】テーマや関連情報をもとに教員の適応性を類推した結果，連携の基礎づくり，地域コミュニティとの協働による活動，多職種連携の３つを系統的に学ぶ過程を多くの教員が理解し，多様な活動を実践できた。さらに，ルーブリックによる評価では，ケアの質向上とコラボレーションの向上に対する達成度が高まったことを確認した。 【結論】本モデルの成果を確認した一方，テーマ設定における教員間の認識の相違や，ボランティアの単位化との混同など，地域系IPEモデルにおける多職種連携の解釈を統一していくことが課題となった。

抄録全体を表示

　　　This paper seeks to consider the modern significance of the Embree study of Suye Mura, a well-known example of research into pre-war Japanese agricultural communities carried out by foreign researchers. To that end, we looked at the careers and research backgrounds of the Embrees, and the contemporary response to the findings of their study, in addition to the current state of Suye Mura and other research carried out since then.
　　　Our findings are comprised of four main points. 1）The Suye study can act as an important point of comparison for understanding the methods and viewpoints of research carried out by us. 2）A wealth of survey materials, including photographic materials, are now archived and available for potential further research. 3）Even today, the results of the study are being utilized by the people of Suye Mura in various shapes and forms, and it also serves as a reference point for the residents to give meaning to their own activities in developing the region. Lastly, 4）In connection with point 3）, the Suye study serves as an archetypal example for understanding the high applicability of experiments that describe daily life.

抄録全体を表示

更生保護において，心理学専攻者は限定され，その成果も多くはないが，社会内で再犯しない生活を送るための臨床的援助の方法を研究することは，重要な犯罪心理学の課題である。まず，昭和期は，24年に犯罪者予防更生法が施行されたが，処遇機関の整備が追いつかぬなかで翌25年に『更生保護』が創刊され，保護司のケース研究がスタートした。昭和30年代に入り対象者数が激増し，法務総合研究所で再犯過程に関する研究が始まり，分類処遇，仮釈放者の選択など社会復帰過程に関する実証的研究も進んだ。昭和41年に保護観察官の実践研究を促進するため研究誌『更生保護と犯罪予防』が創刊され，直接処遇事例を中心に対象者の特質に応じた臨床報告が集積された。平成期に入り，グループワークや家族療法などの実践研究により保護観察に有効な処遇技法が模索され，19年に更生保護法が成立し，プログラム処遇の制度的導入という新たな段階を迎えた。医療観察制度の運用や福祉機関との連携強化を踏まえて，更生保護の処遇システムの進化とともに犯罪心理臨床の一層の展開が求められている。

抄録全体を表示