本研究は、民間習俗としての地域における鎮物の造形を調査し、広東省・マカオを対象として、「土地神」「石敢當」等民俗資料を広く収集したものである。広東は「土地神」信仰が絶対多数を占めており、伝統的な吉祥文様が描かれた紙「春聯」と立体の簪花（かんざし）により飾られた「天官賜福」「門口土地財神」の牌位を頻繁に目にする。マカオの「石敢當」の数は「土地神」には及ばないもの、民間風俗と文化的背景から「土地神」と「石敢當」とが融合し、幸福祈願、富貴、魔除け、厄除け等心理的必要性に対応する様々な霊石信仰が生まれた。「石敢當」は路地、住宅、オフィス、商店、廟、集落神龕等の場所に分布し、石板、石碑、石塊、山型の四形態に大別される。広東とマカオの民間信仰に関しては、「土地神」と「石敢當」の設置と装飾から、民族独自の視覚的記号が垣間見える。例えば、漢字の字体、伝統的象徴的文様等は、伝統文化の保存・継承を体現するものでもある。

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Under the direction of the Chinese National Commission for UNESCO and Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Working Committee for UNESCO on ESD (CNWCESD) and Beijing Academy of Educational Science, as the major coordination units of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in China, ESD has been promoted at more than 1000 schools including kindergartens, elementary schools, and high schools in more than ten provinces, cities, autonomous regions, and special administrative regions in China such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong Province, Inner Mongolia, Jiangsu Province, Hong Kong etc. Through the promotion of Education for Sustainable Development, CNWCESD has made an effort to disseminate the core value of SD, practice sustainable lifestyle, construct for Energy saving and Emission-reduction of school. The purpose of this research paper is to analyse the school practices developed by teacher training and support led by the CNWCESD. The results presented in this paper show as follows; In the local districts of China, ESD has been promoted in response to the needs of the local community, which seeks sustainability and respects the natural and cultural resources of the region. Compared to school practices in Japan, common educational approaches have been adopted for student inquiry-based learning, such as discovering issues, gathering information and investigating, utilizing the knowledge of subject and obtaining expert advice, and promoting activities by students themselves. As a result, the transformation of students and teachers and local residents has been observed.

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