物語の叙述する頼朝体制確立過程で、物事の<公><私>の区分けが明確化されてくると同時に、<公>が<私>をとりこもうとする意識があることがわかった。その考察から作品構成上、物語冒頭部の寿祝が体制確立の予祝であることがわかった。また、王殺し神話を曾我五郎の頼朝殺害未遂に見る上で、「昼間の王頼朝」と「夜の王曾我兄弟」との象徴的対立がそこにあるをみた。昼側が夜側を超克する表現構造が先の<公>を支え、また新時代の建国神話を成立させるのである。

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本稿の目的は,日本語と韓国語の断り談話においてポジティブ・ポライトネス・ストラテジーがどのように現れるかを明らかにすることにある.ロールプレイ調査から得られた資料を基にして,ポジティブ・ポライトネス・ストラテジーを「量的・質的差異」「ウチ・ソト・ヨソによる差異」「男女差」という観点から分析した結果,以下のことが検証された.(1)ポジティブ・ポライトネス・ストラテジーの量は,日本語より韓国語のほうが多い.(2)ポジティブ・ポライトネス・ストラテジーの質に関しては,日本語より韓国語のほうが相手のポジティブ・フェイスを重んじる表現が多用される.(3)日本語に見られるポジティブ・ポライトネス・ストラテジーは「ウチ・ソト・ヨソ」という3つの区切りをもつのに対して,韓国語に見られるそれは「ウチ・ソト・ヨソ」という3分類には従わない.(4)ポジティブ・ポライトネス・ストラテジーの男女差は,韓国語より日本語のほうが顕著である.

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Chinghis khan reorganized his troops in accordance with the decimal system in 1204 before he attacked the Naiman tribe. This formation was a military unit, but on the other hand, it was also an administrative unit. This system is called the Ch'ien-hu-zhi 千戸制, which has remained the standard system in the Mongol Empire since then. The features of this formation are a simple chain of command, a simple style of organization and ease of mobilization. It functioned very effectively. But this formation had irregular characteristics and various ploblems. For example, the chief of the Ch'ien-hu 千戸 (chiliarchs) posessed a Po-hu 百戸 (centurions) which was under his direct control. He held the post of the chief of the Po-hu concurrently. And the chief of the Po-hu posessed a Shi-hu 十戸 (decurions), which was under his direct control. He held the post of the chief of the Shi-hu concurrently. In these cases, we find the traces remaining of the body guard formation of clan faction organization. These cases do not describe the usual military formation of the Mongol empire. At least in the period of the Yuan dynasty, the hierarchy of officers was systematized bureaucratically and the officer's compentence was restricted reasonably. However, in the cace of the Shih-wei-ch'in-chun 侍衛親軍 (the imperial personal army), there was not a solitary commander who could lead the whole army in the bureaucratic system, in order to prevent an army clique from appearing. On the contrary, high officers of the central government were able to occupy the post of the solitary commander. It was too difficult to prevent men from concentrating power. They were the Mongolian and the Se-mu-ren 色目人 who stood on the basis of the Shih-wei-ch'in-chun. There are various explanations about the Ch'ien-hu. The correct explanation is that it was organized with one thousand hu 戸 (households), which were able to offer one thousand soldiers. In Mongol, the general idea of hu was that it was a kinship group, each such group with one manhood was counted as one hu, whose man was destined to be a soldier. A group with two soldiers was counted as too hu, and so on. Therefore, every hu had only one male member who should be a soldier. In Mongol it was the social custom that they counted the number of hu this way. The Ch'ien-hu was the military and administrative unit organized with one thousand hu each of which offered one soldier. However the number of members or hu was not mathematically strict. The Yuan dynasty used the system of Ch'ien-hu when it organized the Chinese into the Han-chun 漢軍. But the households of Han-chun could not stand the military economic burden. Therefore, the Yuan dynasty had to allow military households, which could not offer a soldier, to mainly bear military expenses. Consequently, the capacity for mobilization did not correspond to the fixed numbers in accordance with the decimal system. This difference resulted from the fact that the military formation of the nomadic society was applied without revision to the farming society. However, after the middle of the Yuan period, the formations of Han-chun were completed relatively, resulting in the military of the Mongols and the Se-mu-ren severely lacking in soldiers. This paper aims at describing the general idea of the military formation of the Mongol empire and the Yuan dynasty and how to solve it's structural deficiencies from the viewpoint of both the chain of command system and the style of organization.

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