Sixteen cases with iatrogenic foreign bodies were examined clinicoradiographically, at the Department of Oral Radiology, Osaka Dental University Hospital between 1980 and 1991.
The results were obtained as follows.
1) The kinds of iatrogenic foreign bodies
The rotary cutting instruments (5 cases) were the most common.
After that, came injection needles (4 cases), reamers (3 cases), forceps for extraction tooth (1 case), elevators for extraction tooth (1 case), inlay (1 case) and air (1 case).
2) Distribution of the location
Eleven cases were located in the left side of the mandibular regions.
3) Periods until the first visit
Patients within one month were 10 cases. Patients under one year were 2 cases. And, there were 4 cases which are over one year.
4) Chief complaint
Patients without symptoms were 13 cases in all (81.3%). (Symptoms are abnormal feeling, pain, swelling, etc.)

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Sixty nine patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lower gingiva were treated by radiotherapy combined with bleomycin (BLM) or peplomycin (PEP).
The complete response (CR) rates after radiation (30Gy/3wks) combined with BLM (90mg/3wks) or PEP (45mg/3wks) was 59% (41/69). Response rate was assessed at three or four weeks after the completion of irradiation. The control rates of T1, T2 cases was 70% (28/40) and that of T3, T4 cases was 45% (13/29).
Of these with CR after Radiotherapy plus BLM or PEP, 25 patients (T1, T2: 16, T3, T4: 9) were followed without surgery. 16 patients (Ti, T2: 11/16, T3, T4: 5/9) achieved local control at 2 years or more.
However, of 9 patients (T1, T2: 5, T3, T4: 4) who had local recurrence, 3 were salvaged.
Ultimate local control rates of patients with CR after radiotherapy plus BLM or PEP was 88% (14/16) in T1, T2 category.
Five year cause specific survival rates was; stage I: 76%, stage II: 74%, stage III: 43%. Overall survival was 64%.
Two year local control rates was; T1: 100%, T2: 72%, T3: 63%, T4: 46%. Overall local control was 70%.

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Since the introduction of cephalometric radiology by Broadbent to dentistry, this technique has been widely used for radiometry of the maxillo-facial-cranium. In this study, ceplalometric radiography was used to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze a foreign body in the tongue. A 77-year-old man, whose tongue was injured by an airturbine steel bur during dental treatment, was referred by his dentist to our department to search for a broken steel bar in the tongue. Panoramic, postero-anterior, and lateral cephalometric radiographic examinations were performed for the patient. Of the individual radiographical examination, the cephalometric radiography gave the exact position of the foreign body in the tongue. According to the radiographical examinations, mainly by cephalometric radiography, the three dimentional position of the forign body in the tongue could be determined. The location of the foreign body, which was determined by radiographical examination, was found exactly at the position indicated by radiography. These results suggest that cephalometric radiography may be suitable for localizing the radiopaque foreign bodies in the tongue.

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A lipped-channel member is a steel member made of thin steel strip, and it sometimes occurs a local buckling before reaching its maximum strength. The current design code considers the effect of local buckling by employing the effective width method, and the effective cross-sectional area is evaluated using the yield stress of the steel material. However, when the lippedchannel member reaches its maximum strength under axial compression, the maximum stress at the cross-section is typically lower than the yield stress due to the effects of global buckling and distortional buckling. Therefore, this paper investigates the effective cross-sectional area of axially compressed lipped channel members. Through axial compression tests, we found that the effective area of axially compressed lipped channel members can be more accurately assessed by using the maximum stress at the cross-section compared to that based on the yield stress.

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