京都市内で発症した51才, 家婦. 2年来腰痛のため合成副腎皮質ホルモンを内服していた. 右手背, 前腕, 上腕に豌豆大までの結節が数箇みられたリンパ管型である. Sporotrichin 反応陽性, 膿汁・組織片の培養により Sporotrichum schenckii を同定. PAS染色により組織内游離胞子をみとめた. ヨードカリ内服有効. サブロー・ブドウ糖寒天培地に本菌を培養し, 菌糸および小分生子の所見を電子顕微鏡的に観察した. 菌糸と小分生子は隔膜をへだてて接し菌糸のから隔膜まで電子密度が高い線状の突起物がみられた. また本培地にヨードカリを添加した場合, 小分生子よりも菌糸細胞質の影響がより著明で, は不均一, 粗なものが多く, 隔壁をへだてての異なつた菌糸が相接し, とくに菌子・胞子いずれも胞体内空胞に電子密度が高い小顆粒がみとめられた.

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マハタの白血球はリンパ球，単球，好中球および2種類の好酸球に分類された。いずれの種類の白血球にも貪食能が認められた。リンパ球には顆粒が少数存在し，AcP，αNAE，αNBE陽性であった。単球には2種類の顆粒が見られ，AcP，β-Glu，αNAE，αNBE，NASDCAE陽性であった。好中球の顆粒は難染性であり，AlP，AcP，αNAE，αNBE，PO陽性であった。2種類の好酸球の細胞化学的特性には違いはなく，AcP，αNAE，αNBE陽性であった。

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Intracellular pH is an important measurement of cell activity. Among pH measurements, fluorescence measurement is generally used because of the advantage of non-contact, real-time and two-dimensional distribution. The other hand, this measurement itself is very delicate and tough because fluorescence is essentially the light with extremely weak intensity. In this measurement, to avoid the influence of fade on measuring accuracy, fluorescence pH ratiometry was proposed and frequently used. However, in applying this method to plant cell in accordance with the protocol of reagent company, the pH value varied widely even in same cell in the stage of calibration between pH and intensity ratio. This research was carried out to establish the practical procedure for obtaining the result with the higher reliability. Here, Allium cepa was used for plant tissue. BCECF-AM was used for pH-indicator. The experiment was made using the cryomicroscopy having cooled CCD camera. First, to decide the conditions of obtaining sufficient image to be analysed, the calibration was made many times with varying the reagent concentration, incubation-time in addition to pH concentration. Next, we examined the distributions of luminance and fluorescence intensity ratio in detail using the good images to understand the causes of scattering of value respectively. Through above discussions, the procedure to make the smallest scatter of data was found out. Further, we applied this established procedure to the plant tissue which was in cooling process to understand the difference in pH-change due to cooling rate.

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The ciliated cells of Rana esculenta were experimented.
Some of the medicaments e. g. 10% cocaine solution, privina, 3% Protargol and 0, 01% Janus-Green solution were applied to Rana esculenta's palatine mucosa and ciliary activity observed by indicator-movements.
The ciliary beats decreased in their vigor by applying these medicaments to the pharyngeal mucosa, but after washing away these medicaments with physiological solution of salt, the ciliary activities increased in their vigor.
The morphological changes of the ciliated cells, above all of cilia, were investigated by an electron microscope.
After applying medicaments to the palatine mucosa, cilia showed two types of change.
The one is as follows, that the peripheral sheath of cilia was observed to be extended from the level of basal-plate in longitudinal section and the length of cilia was measured not long but the breadth was wide, so that the axial filaments were bent within the space where is surrounded by peripheral sheath, therefore in transverse section, cilia were observed as if they were joined with each other. In this case, no substances were found in the space between the axial filaments and peripheral sheath.
The other type, the cell membrane which located between the neighbouring cilia in the same cell was pushed out for the top level of cilia and this variety of cell membrane was progressed gradually, finally it reached to the top. And neighbouring two cilia seemed to be joined virtually. In this type, the space between the axial filaments and peripheral sheath was fulled with the matter which looks like ground substance of the cell.

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地表付近のオゾン濃度は世界中で農作物と森林樹木にとって最も大きな脅威である。オゾンは気孔を通して植物葉に吸収され、細胞壁の溶液に溶け、細胞膜と

に到達し、そこで様々な細胞組成物を酸化し毒性を発揮する。細胞壁（アポプラストともいう）の溶液は抗酸化性のアスコルビン酸（電荷を持たない中性のアスコルビン酸とアスコルビン酸イオンの両者の集合）を含有し、オゾンの酸化的攻撃に対する最初の防御バリヤーとして作動する。Plöchl et al. (Planta, 210, 454–467 (2000))は、細胞壁に存在するアスコルビン酸イオン(ASC^－)によるオゾン解毒の数学モデルを提案した。彼らのモデルは、(1) 大気からまでに至る反応を伴った拡散移動、(2)内におけるデヒドロアスコルビン酸（オゾンとASC^－との反応で生じたアスコルビン酸酸化物）のASC^－の再生産とそのアポプラストへの補充、(3) 細胞器官間でのpHに依存したASC^－の濃度分布、というものである。著者らはPlöchl et al. 論文の数式を詳細に検討し、原文中のいくつかの誤りを修正するとともに、数式の導き方を分かりやすく書き直した。

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The cerebral cortex, cerebellar cortex and hippocampus of adult mice were studied by light and electron microscopy of tissue sections. Dark neurons were well stained with nuclear fast red, and clearly distinguishable from light neurons. The dark neurons were classified into active and resting types. Active types were characterized by their well developed Golgi's complexes. Resting types contained poorly developed Golgi's complexes. These findings indicate that active dark neurons are converted into the light neurons via resting dark neurons.

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1. Mice were inoculated with either living organisms or chrome-alum vaccine of Salmonella enteritidis, and sacrificed at each given time to investigate hepatic lesion by electron microscopy and fluorescent antibody technique.
2. Both the living and killed organisms were mainly found in cells of hepatic sinusoids but not in hepatic cells.
3. Proliferation of the living vaccine was seen in Kupffer's cells.
4. Tne killed vaccine underwent marked morphological changes at 5 to 7 days after inoculation, and some were observed in groups.
The living vaccine was altered not only morphologically but also quantitatively, showing transient decrease. But after 7 hours following the infection with living vaccine, they were multiplied to be finally released into blood stream.
5. The fluorescent antibody technique could demonstrate their organisms in the killed vaccine nodules.
6. There was no morphological change in phagocytosis of Kupffer's cells against the living and killed organisms.

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Ultrastrutural localization of lysozyme in human blood cells which were obtained from 10 nonmal volunteers was investigated by electron microscopy applying an immunogold staining method.
The presence of lysozyme was demonstrated as the deposition of gold particles by this staining. Lysozyme was detected in neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, reticlum cells and mast cells. On the other hand, no lysozyme was detected in basophils, megakaryocytes, platelets, lymphocytes, plasma cells and erythroid cells.
Generally, lysozyme was preferentially contained in the granules of lysozyme-positive blood cells. In contrast, no lysozyme was detected in the nucleus, perinuclear space, rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. In neutrophils, both primary and secondary granules contained abundant lysozyme. In monocytes, the granules were remarkably positive for lysozyme. In eosinophils, the granules were positive for lysozyme, but crystalloids negative. In some reticulum cells, phagolysosomes contained small amount of lysozyme. In some mast cells, abundant lysozyme was present in the granules.
Electron microscopic immunogold staining is a useful method to know the exact localization of lysozyme in blood cells.

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The differential process of the epithelial cilia of the tracheal mucosa has occasionally been studied. However, the differential process of the whole mucous epithelium has scarcely been studied from an ultra-morphological point of view.
In this study, the differential process of the epithelia of the nasal and respiratory mucosae in rats was analyzed serially. In addition, the growth of the epithelium of the nasal mucosa in human embryos was studied, using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
Experimental results
A. Rats
(a) Nasal respiratory epithelium
(1) Primary cilia were observed in a few embryonic cells at the 13 th day of gestation. The number of cells having primary cilia increased in accordance with the number of days of gestation.
(2) In embryos at the 15 th day of gestation, cells having approximately 10 processes with a thickness between microvilli and cilia and with the same length as primary cilia were observed.
(3) Embryonic cells at the 16 th day of gestation were characterized by typical ciliated epithelium: cells having primary cilia disappeared and ciliated cells and secretory cells appeared. The lamina propriae were found to consist of a ciliated structure, collagen fibers, and elastic fibers.
(b) Tracheal mucous epithelium
(1) A few embryonic cells at the 14 th day of gestation had primary cilia. The number of ciliated cells was less than that in nasal respiratory epithelium.
(2) Ciliated cells were not observed in embryos at the 16 th day of gestation. The number of cells having primary cilia increased in comparison with the number of cells at the 14 th day or 15 th day of gestation.
(3) In embryos at the 17 th day of gestation, a few ciliated cells appeared first.
B. Epithelium of the inferior nasal concha of human fetuses
(1) Cells having primary cilia were observed in embryos at the 11 th week of gestation.
(2) In embryos at the 13 th week of gestation, ciliated cells appeared and increased in accordance with the number of days of gestation.
(3) In embryos at the 18 th week of gestation, secretory cells appeared. In embryos at the 27 th week of gestation, the release of secretory granules was evident.
(4) Non-ciliated cells decreased in accordance with the number of days of gestation.

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走査型電子顕微鏡は，数十倍から数十万倍ほどの高倍率に及ぶ幅広い観察倍率で，試料をあたかも三次元像であるかのように映し出す．そのため，走査型電子顕微鏡は現在でも様々な科学領域で利用され，研究目的に応じた走査型電子顕微鏡試料の作製方法が数多く開発されている．この連載ではすでに低真空走査型電子顕微鏡について解説されているが （阿部ら2006），本稿では通常の走査型電子顕微鏡の特徴や著者らが作物研究に適用している走査型電子顕微鏡試料の作製方法としてA-O-D-O法と急速凍結-真空凍結乾燥法の概要を説明する．

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